Question 1

Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   an oral fixation.
B)   identification.
C)   an inferiority complex.
D)   penis envy.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

People's scores on a test of extraversion are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation.Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Accepted Answer

A)   poor;poor
B)   good;good
C)   poor;good
D)   good;poorE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier,more infantile stage of development is called

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   regression.
D)   displacement.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Narcissism refers to excessive

Accepted Answer

A)   self-criticism.
B)   self-control.
C)   self-love.
D)   self-pity.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

Accepted Answer

A)   temperaments.
B)   situations.
C)   fixations.
D)   self-concepts.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development.
B)   is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior.
C)   is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests.
D)   offers few testable hypotheses that allow one to determine its validity.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Trait theorists have been criticized for

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimating the potential influence of biological factors on personality development.
B)   underestimating the extent to which people differ from one another.
C)   overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another.
D)   underestimating the value of factor analysis for identifying clusters of related traits.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Some sexually active college students do not consistently use contraceptives because they see themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than the average college student.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   low self-esteem.
B)   free association.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   unrealistic optimism.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-esteem
B)   empathy
C)   individualism
D)   temperamentE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   conscious motives.
B)   the Oedipus complex.
C)   unconscious mental processes.
D)   displacement.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

According to social-cognitive psychologists,one of the best ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Accepted Answer

A)   identify that person's most central traits by having him or her take a personality inventory.
B)   observe that person's behavior in various relevant situations.
C)   assess that person's general level of self-esteem.
D)   uncover that person's hidden motives,as revealed by projective tests.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Lamont has frequently been rebellious,inconsiderate,and self-centered,yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him.The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

Accepted Answer

A)   Hans and Sybil Eysenck.
B)   Carl Rogers.
C)   Isabel Briggs Myers.
D)   Walter Mischel.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

In national surveys,most business executives say they are more ethical than their average counterpart.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   self-serving bias.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Carl Jung believed that the collective unconscious contains ________ derived from our species' universal experiences.

Accepted Answer

A)   archetypes
B)   free associations
C)   defense mechanisms
D)   erogenous zonesE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

When employees voice their ideas and challenge existing workplace norms,they are especially likely to receive a receptive hearing from employers with the trait of

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion.
B)   narcissism.
C)   introversion.
D)   pessimism.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies,she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have.A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Accepted Answer

A)   weak id.
B)   weak ego.
C)   strong id.
D)   strong superego.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Accepted Answer

A)   a fixation.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   free association.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential.According to Abraham Maslow,Roberta exemplifies

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   selflessness.
C)   a self-actualizing person.
D)   extraversion.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic perspective.
B)   person-situation controversy.
C)   hierarchy of needs.
D)   biopsychosocial approach.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization.According to Maslow,Jin is striving for

Accepted Answer

A)   acceptance.
B)   self-transcendence.
C)   unconditional positive regard.
D)   reciprocal determinism.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Exam 15: Personality

Jin is searching for a sense of purpose in life that goes beyond fulfilling her own potential for growth and self-actualization.According to Maslow,Jin is striving for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies,she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have.A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some sexually active college students do not consistently use contraceptives because they see themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than the average college student.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lamont has frequently been rebellious,inconsiderate,and self-centered,yet the pastor of his local church has always accepted and respected him.The pastor's attitude toward Lamont is most explicitly recommended by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychodynamic theorists emphasize the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists would be most likely to highlight the impact of our biologically inherited ________ on personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to social-cognitive psychologists,one of the best ways to predict a person's future behavior is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When employees voice their ideas and challenge existing workplace norms,they are especially likely to receive a receptive hearing from employers with the trait of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Jung believed that the collective unconscious contains ________ derived from our species' universal experiences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In national surveys,most business executives say they are more ethical than their average counterpart.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roberta has a secure sense of her own identity and is strongly motivated to develop her unique talents and interests so as to achieve her full potential.According to Abraham Maslow,Roberta exemplifies

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because Mr.Maloney trusts his employees,he treats them kindly.His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf,which in turn increases his trust in them.This pattern of trust,kindness,diligence,and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alfred Adler was a neo-Freudian who proposed the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trait theorists have been criticized for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of our traits and our

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcissism refers to excessive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People's scores on a test of extraversion are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation.Their scores are ________ predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Coping with anxiety by retreating to behavior patterns characteristic of an earlier,more infantile stage of development is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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People's scores on a test of extraversion are predictors of how agreeable they will act in one particular situation.Their scores are predictors of how agreeable they will act on average over many different situations.

Correct Answer
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