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In the context of a need for cognition,the best instructors:


A) present information as simply as possible.
B) use fear-provoking tests to encourage study.
C) get their students to think actively.
D) are attractive and engaging.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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We tend to like people who are like us.This exemplifies which characteristic of attractiveness?


A) proximity
B) similarity
C) consistency
D) physical appeal

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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According to Kumkale and Albarracin (2004) and Pratkanis et al.(1988) ,the credibility of a noncredible person may increase over time if people remember his or her message better than the reason for discounting it.This is known as:


A) the sleeper effect.
B) the authority effect.
C) the primacy effect.
D) the recency effect.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Individuals who are typically regarded as thinking people may be inclined to use the peripheral route to persuasion if:


A) the speaker is young and vibrant.
B) the speaker seems to have ulterior motives.
C) the speaker has apparently good motives.
D) they are paid to do so.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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According to Cacioppo et al.(1996) ,who among the following is an individual with a low need for cognition?


A) Felix,a manager,overlooks a speaker's personality when analyzing arguments and formulating responses.
B) Anastasiya,an employee,prefers utilizing her mental resources before making a purchase decision.
C) Martina,a homemaker,is analytical by nature and enjoys thinking carefully about issues.
D) Lukas,a teenager,responds quickly to such cues as the pleasantness of the surroundings.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The motivation to think and analyze is referred to as a need for:


A) contemplation.
B) inoculation.
C) cognition.
D) sublimation.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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When Asch (1946) presented students with a description of someone as "intelligent,industrious,impulsive,critical,stubborn,and envious," they rated the person ________ than if the opposite order of adjectives was presented.


A) less positively
B) more positively
C) less attractive
D) more attractive

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Xavier is interested in purchasing a bike.He consults various online automobile magazines to analyze the features of the latest bikes available in the market.Finally,he selects a bike that meets his requirements.In the context of persuasion,this scenario illustrates ________.


A) the door-in-the-face technique
B) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
C) the peripheral route to persuasion
D) the central route to persuasion

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Identify a true statement about resisting persuasion.


A) Belief in an assertion is a consequence of thorough research.
B) To understand an assertion is to believe it,at least temporarily.
C) An assertion is the beginning of belief.
D) Believing an assertion can lead to perceptual errors.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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In the context of the elements of persuasion,one thing that does not improve persuasion is ________.


A) an expert and trustworthy communicator
B) fluent speech by a confident-seeming person
C) the belief of an audience that the communicator is not trying to persuade them
D) direct eye contact between a communicator and his or her audience

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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In comparison to the peripheral route to persuasion,the central route to persuasion is ________.


A) automatic
B) more implicit
C) reflective
D) non-explicit

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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When Werner and colleagues (2002) placed signs on a campus with a two-sided message that not only stated the importance of recycling but also acknowledged the inconvenience of it,recycling:


A) increased to 80%.
B) increased to 25%.
C) decreased by 40%.
D) decreased by 90%.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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In the context of the elements of persuasion,a communicator is considered credible if ________.


A) he or she is able to convince people that he or she is trying to persuade them
B) he or she uses "you know" or "uh" when speaking or stumbles over his or her words
C) he or she speaks slowly and haltingly
D) he or she is seen as knowledgeable on a topic

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Sally is interested in purchasing a DVD player and is overwhelmed by different DVD player models available at a local electronics store.She decides to consult a magazine devoted to reviewing home electronics.After reading a number of articles stating the pros and cons of each model,she decides on a DVD player.Sally has been persuaded to purchase this particular DVD player because of the ________ route to persuasion.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) partial

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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According to Jones et al.(2009) ,Petty and Briñol (2008) ,and Walther et al.(2011) ,peripheral route processing ________.


A) slowly builds implicit attitudes through repeated associations between an attitude and an emotion
B) occurs when people remain immune to incidental cues,such as a speaker's perceived trustworthiness
C) promptly occurs when interested people focus on arguments
D) takes place when motivated people think about an issue

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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According to Moore and Swift (2011) and Pentland (2010) ,whether pitching a business plan or giving advice,a(n) ________ is often more convincing.


A) charismatic person who speaks fluently
B) power-oriented authoritative person
C) overconfident person who occasionally stumbles
D) person who says "you know" or "uh" frequently

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The ________ route to persuasion occurs when interested people focus on arguments.


A) peripheral
B) central
C) logical
D) partial

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Ted is most likely to elicit an opinion change from an audience whose opinion differs greatly from his own if Ted:


A) is credible.
B) uses the peripheral route.
C) talks slowly.
D) uses a one-sided argument.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Kevin,an 11-year-old,wishes to attend a sleepover party at his friend's house.However,he is skeptical about his parents' permission.In order to convince his parents,Kevin first informs them about his good performance in the science quiz and then immediately seeks their permission to attend the party.The next day,his parents respond positively.In the context of persuasion,this scenario illustrates:


A) the primacy effect.
B) the misinformation effect.
C) the consistency bias.
D) the self-serving bias.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Research on attitude inoculation suggests that religious educators should avoid:


A) the two-step flow of communication.
B) forewarning their followers that outsiders will question their beliefs.
C) using charismatic leaders to attract new converts.
D) creating a "germ-free ideological environment."

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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