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Exam 11: The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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Dimpled cheeks are dominant to undimpled cheeks. If there exists a 50 percent chance that a child will have dimpled cheeks, the parental genotypes must be:

A) dd and dd.
B) Dd and dd.
C) DD and Dd.
D) Dd and Dd.
E) DD and dd.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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A and a are dominant and recessive alleles, respectively, of the same gene. Which genotype(s) would result in an individual with the recessive phenotype?

A) Aa and aa
B) AA and aa
C) Aa only
D) AA only
E) aa only

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 33

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The seeds in a pod of one of Mendel's pea plants are:

Which of the following was not one of Mendel's main inferences from his research?

Hydrangeas can have either pink or blue flowers. You want to test if the flower color is influenced by the environment, such as the acidity of the soil. Design an experiment to test if soil acidity affects flower color.

When Mendel crossed plants and followed two traits (a dihybrid cross) , he saw a 9:3:3:1 ratio of traits in the F₂ generation. What did he conclude?

In Mendel's pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Use Y and y for the seed color alleles and P and p for the flower color alleles. Flower color and seed color assort independently. If a plant that is heterozygous for both flower color and seed color genes is self-fertilized, what proportion of the offspring will have one of the dominant phenotypes, either the seed color or flower color, but not both?

When two identical alleles for a character are present, the genotype is referred to as:

In Mendel's pea plants, yellow seeds are dominant to green seeds. Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Use Y and y for the seed color alleles and P and p for the flower color alleles. Flower color and seed color assort independently. A plant of unknown genotype with yellow seeds and purple flowers is crossed to a plant with green seeds and white flowers. The offspring all have yellow seeds, but some have purple flowers, and some have white flowers. What is the genotype of the yellow-seeded, purple-flowered plant?

What is the significance of multiple alleles?

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by a recessive allele, and the disease appears only in the homozygous recessive genotype. Two parents do not have cystic fibrosis, but they produce a child with this disorder. Fully explain what has occurred, using the appropriate terminology and diagram (you must provide this diagram).

In a breeding experiment with yellow and green true-breeding parents, Mendel took yellow seeds from his F₂ generation, planted them, and self-pollinated the flowers to produce an F₃ generation. He saw that some produced all yellow seeds, and some produced a mix of yellow and green seeds. How can these results be explained?

Consider the following information for a dihybrid cross. The dominant allele F codes for freckles, whereas the recessive allele f codes for no freckles. The dominant allele E codes for long eyelashes, whereas the recessive allele e codes for short eyelashes. Both parents have the genotypes of ee and Ff. Indicate the following: (1) the phenotype of both parents, (2) the possible gametes that each parent can make, (3) all of the possible phenotypes for the offspring, and (4) the phenotypic ratio obtained after the Punnett square is drawn.

Refer to the figure below, and then answer the question that follows. -In a dihybrid cross, if heterozygotes are crossed, what fraction of the offspring is expected to have both the dominant phenotypes?

Mendel's work was presented in ________ but not recognized and rediscovered until ________.

Mendel's crosses with pea plants disproved the notion that, when individuals with two different traits are mated, the genetic information blends in the offspring and is not retained as separate elements.

Which type of inheritance is most likely to display a bell curve of phenotypes?

In humans, "unattached" earlobes are dominant over "attached" earlobes. Widow's-peak hairline is dominant over non-widow's-peak hairline. Use E and e for the earlobe phenotype alleles and W and w for the hairline phenotype alleles. A woman with unattached earlobes and a widow's peak and a man with attached earlobes and a widow's peak have a child. The child has attached earlobes and a non-widow's-peak hairline. What are the genotypes of the parents?

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, in order for him to have observed a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation, which of the following must be true?

If a plant heterozygous for the genes for both seed color and shape is self-fertilized, the ratio of offspring with smooth, green seeds is ________/16. (Yellow and smooth are the dominant phenotypes.)