Question 1

Complete the following nuclear decay reaction.  88221Ra→+24He{ }_{88}^{221} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}88221​Ra→+24​He

Accepted Answer

A)    86217Rn{ }_{86}^{217} \mathrm{Rn}86217​Rn 
B)    88217Ra{ }_{88}^{217} \mathrm{Ra}88217​Ra 
C)    92217U{ }_{92}^{217} \mathrm{U}92217​U 
D)    86225Rn{ }_{86}^{225} \mathrm{Rn}86225​Rn 
E)    90225Th{ }_{90}^{225} \mathrm{Th}90225​ThF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)   nuclear fission of 235U.
B)   nuclear fusion of 235U.
C)   nuclear fission of 1H.
D)   nuclear fusion of 1H.
E)   nuclear fusion of 2H.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

The decay constant,k,for   88226Ra { }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} 88226​Ra  is 1.37 × 10−11 s−1.What mass of  88226Ra { }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} 88226​Ra   has an activity of 1.06 × 109 atoms/s?

Accepted Answer

A)   6.60 × 10−6 g
B)   1.49 × 10−3 g
C)   2.90 × 10−2 g
D)   3.44 × 101 g
E)   8.97 × 102 g F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

The rate constant for the decay of copper-62 is 9.8 minutes−1.What is the half-life of this isotope?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.071 m.
B)   1.6 m.
C)   14 m.
D)   0.10 m.
E)   9.8 m.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Complete the following nuclear reaction.  98249Cf+612C→401n{ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 4_{0}^{1} n98249​Cf+612​C→401​n

Accepted Answer

A)    92237U{ }_{92}^{237} \mathrm{U}92237​U 
B)    92241U{ }_{92}^{241} \mathrm{U}92241​U 
C)    98254Cf{ }_{98}^{254} \mathrm{Cf}98254​Cf 
D)    104257Cf{ }_{104}^{257} \mathrm{Cf}104257​Cf 
E)    104261Rf{ }_{104}^{261} \mathrm{Rf}104261​RfF) B) and D)
G) A) and D) D

Question 6

All of the following statements concerning radiocarbon dating are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   radiocarbon dating is used to determine the age of meteorites.
B)   the decay of  614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C  is used for radiocarbon dating.
C)   radioactive carbon is produced by the reaction of cosmic radiation and nitrogen-14.
D)   radioactive carbon decays into a nitrogen-14 atom and a beta particle.
E)   radiocarbon dating is limited to objects less than 50,000 years old. F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

An extremely sensitive method has recently been developed for measuring  614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C  concentrations in organic materials.What is this method?

Accepted Answer

A)   acid titration
B)   nuclear magnetic resonance
C)   gas chromatography
D)   atomic absorption spectrometry
E)   mass spectrometry F) A) and C)
G) A) and E) E

Question 8

What nucleus decays by beta emission to produce antimony-121?

Accepted Answer

A)    50120Sn{ }_{50}^{120} \mathrm{Sn}50120​Sn 
B)    51122Sb{ }_{51}^{122} \mathrm{Sb}51122​Sb 
C)    50121Sn{ }_{50}^{121} \mathrm{Sn}50121​Sn 
D)    52121Te{ }_{52}^{121} \mathrm{Te}52121​Te 
E)    53125D{ }_{53}^{125} \mathrm{D}53125​DF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

The point of maximum stability in the binding energy curve occurs in the vicinity of which one of the following isotopes?

Accepted Answer

A)    24He{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}24​He 
B)    2656Fe{ }_{26}^{56} \mathrm{Fe}2656​Fe 
C)    511B{ }_{5}^{11} \mathrm{B}511​B 
D)    83209Bi{ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{Bi}83209​Bi 
E)    91231Pa{ }_{91}^{231} \mathrm{Pa}91231​PaF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

Carbon dating can be applied to organic materials up to 5.0 × 104 years old.What percentage of the original  614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C  is present in a sample after this much time? The half-life of   614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C  is 5730 yr.

Accepted Answer

A)   0.0011%
B)   0.24%
C)   0.89%
D)   6.0%
E)   8.7% F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   for a nuclear fission chain reaction to occur,one neutron must be produced for each one consumed.
B)   in a light water nuclear reactor,steam drives the turbines used to generate electricity.
C)   in a fission reactor,  92235U{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}92235​U  reacts with a neutron to produce more neutrons and products of lower mass.
D)   many of the fission products of  92235U{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}92235​U  are radioactive.
E)   one function of the water in a light water reactor is to slow down neutrons given off by fission. F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 12

The energy change for a nuclear reaction can be calculated from which of the following equations?

Accepted Answer

A)    ΔE=hcλ\Delta E=\frac{h c}{\lambda} ΔE=λhc​ 
B)   ΔE = hv
C)   ΔE = cΔm2
D)   ΔE = c2Δm
E)    ΔE=12mv2\Delta E=\frac{1}{2}{m}{v^2} ΔE=21​mv2F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following reactions is an example of K-electron capture?

Accepted Answer

A)    73183Ta→74183 W+−10e{ }_{73}^{183} \mathrm{Ta} \rightarrow{ }_{74}^{183} \mathrm{~W}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e73183​Ta→74183​ W+−10​e 
B)    2041Ca+−10e→1941 K{ }_{20}^{41} \mathrm{Ca}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{19}^{41} \mathrm{~K}2041​Ca+−10​e→1941​ K 
C)    2658Fe+01n→2659Fe{ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{26}^{59} \mathrm{Fe}2658​Fe+01​n→2659​Fe 
D)    84197Po→82193 Pb+24He{ }_{84}^{197} \mathrm{Po} \rightarrow{ }_{82}^{193} \mathrm{~Pb}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}84197​Po→82193​ Pb+24​He 
E)    37Li+11p→224He{ }_{3}^{7} \mathrm{Li}+{ }_{1}^{1} p \rightarrow 2{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}37​Li+11​p→224​HeF) B) and C)
G) A) and D) B

Question 14

Calculate the energy released (per mole of deuterium consumed) for the following fusion reaction,  12H+13H→24He+01n{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} ightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+{ }_{0}^{1} n12​H+13​H→24​He+01​n  given the following molar masses of nucleons and nuclei.
(c = 2.998 × 108 m/s)  particle
  particle  mass (g/mol)  proton 1.007825 neutron 1.008665 deuterium 2.0140 tritium 3.01605 helium-4 4.00260\begin{array}{ll}	ext { particle } & 	ext { mass }(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{mol})  \\hline 	ext { proton } & 1.007825 \	ext { neutron } & 1.008665 \	ext { deuterium } & 2.0140 \	ext { tritium } & 3.01605 \	ext { helium-4 } & 4.00260\end{array} particle  proton  neutron  deuterium  tritium  helium-4 ​ mass (g/mol) 1.0078251.0086652.01403.016054.00260​​

Accepted Answer

A)   5.63 × 103 kJ/mol
B)   1.69 × 1012 kJ/mol
C)   4.62 × 1010 kJ/mol
D)   8.44 × 108 kJ/mol
E)   1.69 × 109 kJ/mol F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 108 m/s)

Accepted Answer

A)   6.753 × 109 kJ/mol
B)   7.131 × 109 kJ/mol
C)   1.426 × 1010 kJ/mol
D)   8.609 × 1011 kJ/mol
E)   8.538 × 1011 kJ/molF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The half-life of americium-241 is 457 years.What is the activity in curies of a 0.010 g sample of Am-241? (1 Ci = 3.700 × 1010 atom/s)

Accepted Answer

A)   0.032 Ci
B)   1.0 Ci
C)   1.0 × 106 Ci
D)   1.0 × 109 Ci
E)   3.79 × 1016 CiF) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Calculate the energy change per mole for the following reaction?  12H+12H→24He{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}12​H+12​H→24​He  The mass of  12H{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}12​H  is 2.01355 amu and the mass of  24He{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}24​He  is 4.00150 amu.

Accepted Answer

A)   2.30 × 109 kJ/mol
B)   9.00 × 109 kJ/mol
C)   1.79 × 1011 kJ/mol
D)   3.52 × 1012 kJ/mol
E)   2.84 × 1013 kJ/mol F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

The following reaction is an example of ____. 
 92236U→3996Y+53136I+401n{ }_{92}^{236} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{39}^{96} \mathrm{Y}+{ }_{53}^{136} \mathrm{I}+4{ }_{0}^{1} n92236​U→3996​Y+53136​I+401​n

Accepted Answer

A)   fusion
B)   fission
C)   gamma radiation emission
D)   beta emission
E)   neutron bombardment F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Radioactive elements have been used

Accepted Answer

A)   to determine the age of artifacts.
B)   to treat food to reduce spoilage.
C)   in smoke detectors.
D)   both a and b
E)   all of the aboveF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)   medical x-rays.
B)   sitting too close to the television.
C)   nuclear fallout from bomb tests.
D)   radon gas.
E)   using cellular telephones.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 18: Nuclear Reactions

Complete the following nuclear decay reaction. ${ }_{88}^{221} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$

Correct Answer
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Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

Correct Answer
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The decay constant,k,for ${ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}$ is 1.37 × 10−¹¹ s−¹.What mass of ${ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}$ has an activity of 1.06 × 10⁹ atoms/s?

Correct Answer
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The rate constant for the decay of copper-62 is 9.8 minutes−¹.What is the half-life of this isotope?

Correct Answer
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Complete the following nuclear reaction. ${ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 4_{0}^{1} n$

Correct Answer
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D

All of the following statements concerning radiocarbon dating are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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An extremely sensitive method has recently been developed for measuring ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ concentrations in organic materials.What is this method?

Correct Answer
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E

What nucleus decays by beta emission to produce antimony-121?

Correct Answer
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The point of maximum stability in the binding energy curve occurs in the vicinity of which one of the following isotopes?

Correct Answer
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Carbon dating can be applied to organic materials up to 5.0 × 10⁴ years old.What percentage of the original ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is present in a sample after this much time? The half-life of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is 5730 yr.

Correct Answer
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All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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The energy change for a nuclear reaction can be calculated from which of the following equations?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following reactions is an example of K-electron capture?

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)

Correct Answer
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The half-life of americium-241 is 457 years.What is the activity in curies of a 0.010 g sample of Am-241? (1 Ci = 3.700 × 10¹⁰ atom/s)

Correct Answer
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Calculate the energy change per mole for the following reaction? ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}+{ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ The mass of ${ }_{1}^{2} \mathrm{H}$ is 2.01355 amu and the mass of ${ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$ is 4.00150 amu.

Correct Answer
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The following reaction is an example of ____. ${ }_{92}^{236} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{39}^{96} \mathrm{Y}+{ }_{53}^{136} \mathrm{I}+4{ }_{0}^{1} n$

Correct Answer
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Radioactive elements have been used

Correct Answer
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Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

Correct Answer
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Exam 18: Nuclear Reactions

Complete the following nuclear decay reaction. 88221Ra→+24He{ }_{88}^{221} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}88221​Ra→+24​He

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the sun's energy is produced primarily from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The decay constant,k,for 88226Ra { }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} 88226​Ra is 1.37 × 10−11 s−1.What mass of 88226Ra { }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra} 88226​Ra has an activity of 1.06 × 109 atoms/s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate constant for the decay of copper-62 is 9.8 minutes−1.What is the half-life of this isotope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complete the following nuclear reaction. 98249Cf+612C→401n{ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 4_{0}^{1} n98249​Cf+612​C→401​n

Correct AnswerverifiedD

All of the following statements concerning radiocarbon dating are true EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An extremely sensitive method has recently been developed for measuring 614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C concentrations in organic materials.What is this method?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

What nucleus decays by beta emission to produce antimony-121?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The point of maximum stability in the binding energy curve occurs in the vicinity of which one of the following isotopes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon dating can be applied to organic materials up to 5.0 × 104 years old.What percentage of the original 614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C is present in a sample after this much time? The half-life of 614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C is 5730 yr.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The energy change for a nuclear reaction can be calculated from which of the following equations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reactions is an example of K-electron capture?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 108 m/s)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half-life of americium-241 is 457 years.What is the activity in curies of a 0.010 g sample of Am-241? (1 Ci = 3.700 × 1010 atom/s)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following reaction is an example of ____. 92236U→3996Y+53136I+401n{ }_{92}^{236} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{39}^{96} \mathrm{Y}+{ }_{53}^{136} \mathrm{I}+4{ }_{0}^{1} n92236​U→3996​Y+53136​I+401​n

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radioactive elements have been used

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human exposure to radiation comes primarily from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Complete the following nuclear decay reaction. ${ }_{88}^{221} \mathrm{Ra} \rightarrow+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}$

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The decay constant,k,for ${ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}$ is 1.37 × 10−¹¹ s−¹.What mass of ${ }_{88}^{226} \mathrm{Ra}$ has an activity of 1.06 × 10⁹ atoms/s?

Correct Answer
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The rate constant for the decay of copper-62 is 9.8 minutes−¹.What is the half-life of this isotope?

Correct Answer
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Complete the following nuclear reaction. ${ }_{98}^{249} \mathrm{Cf}+{ }_{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow 4_{0}^{1} n$

Correct Answer
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D

Correct Answer
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An extremely sensitive method has recently been developed for measuring ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ concentrations in organic materials.What is this method?

Correct Answer
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E

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Carbon dating can be applied to organic materials up to 5.0 × 10⁴ years old.What percentage of the original ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is present in a sample after this much time? The half-life of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is 5730 yr.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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The molar nuclear mass of fluorine-19 is 18.99840 g/mol.The molar mass of a proton is 1.007825 g/mol.The molar mass of a neutron is 1.008665 g/mol.Calculate the binding energy (in kJ/mol) of F-19.(c = 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s)

Correct Answer
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The half-life of americium-241 is 457 years.What is the activity in curies of a 0.010 g sample of Am-241? (1 Ci = 3.700 × 10¹⁰ atom/s)

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The following reaction is an example of ____. ${ }_{92}^{236} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{39}^{96} \mathrm{Y}+{ }_{53}^{136} \mathrm{I}+4{ }_{0}^{1} n$

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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