Question 1

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction.  92235U+01n→56142Ba+3691Kr+{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+92235​U+01​n→56142​Ba+3691​Kr+ ------

Accepted Answer

A)    24He{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}24​He 
B)    224He2_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}224​He 
C)    310e3_{1}^{0} e310​e 
D)    3−10e3_{-1}^{0} e3−10​e 
E)    301n3_{0}^{1} n301​nF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. 
 411H→24He+210e4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e411​H→24​He+210​e

Accepted Answer

A)   fusion
B)   fission
C)   gamma radiation emission
D)   beta emission
E)   hydrogen combustion F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

What is the relationship between the rate constant and the half-life for nuclear decay?

Accepted Answer

A)   rate = kt1/2
B)   k=ln⁡(0.693) t1/2 k=\frac{\ln (0.693) }{t_{1 / 2}} k=t1/2​ln(0.693) ​ 
C)   k = ln (0.693t1/2) 
D)    k=ln⁡(2) t1/2 k=\frac{\ln (2) }{t_{1 / 2}} k=t1/2​ln(2) ​ 
E)   k = 0.693t1/2 F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 4

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   gamma emission can accompany nuclear decay,such as beta emission.
B)   gamma rays can be used to extend the shelf life of food products.
C)   gamma rays have the same properties as electrons.
D)   gamma emission consists of high energy photons.
E)   gamma rays move at the speed of light.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Which of the following reactions is an example of positron emission?

Accepted Answer

A)    91227 Pa→89223Ac+24He{ }_{91}^{227} \mathrm{~Pa} \rightarrow{ }_{89}^{223} \mathrm{Ac}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}91227​ Pa→89223​Ac+24​He 
B)    2041Ca+−10e→1941 K{ }_{20}^{41} \mathrm{Ca}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{19}^{41} \mathrm{~K}2041​Ca+−10​e→1941​ K 
C)    79201Au→80201Hg+−10β{ }_{79}^{201} \mathrm{Au} \rightarrow{ }_{80}^{201} \mathrm{Hg}+{ }_{-1}^{0} \mathrm{\beta}79201​Au→80201​Hg+−10​β 
D)    63150Eu→62150Sm++10β{ }_{63}^{150} \mathrm{Eu} \rightarrow{ }_{62}^{150} \mathrm{Sm}+{ }_{+1}^{0} \beta63150​Eu→62150​Sm++10​β 
E)    2658Fe+01n→2659Fe{ }_{26}^{58} \mathrm{Fe}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{26}^{59} \mathrm{Fe}2658​Fe+01​n→2659​FeF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in nuclei shows a narrow band of stable isotopes.By what method(s) can isotopes with a low proton-neutron ratio (i.e. ,ones that fall below the band of stability) decay to form elements that are more stable?

Accepted Answer

A)   positron emission or electron capture.
B)   positron emission or neutron capture.
C)   beta emission or electron capture.
D)   gamma ray emission or beta emission.
E)   neutron capture or alpha emission.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 7

A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of  614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C  is present? The decay constant of  614C{ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}614​C  is 3.8 × 10?12 s?1.

Accepted Answer

A)   4.6 × 10?34 g
B)   5.0 × 10?14 g
C)   1.2 × 10?12 g
D)   6.1 × 10?12 g
E)   3.2 × 10?11 g F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

If a nucleus emits a beta particle,its atomic number

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases by 2.
B)   decreases by 1.
C)   remains the same.
D)   increases by 1.
E)   increases by 2.F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of  1428Si{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1428​Si  from beta emission.

Accepted Answer

A)    1328Al→1428Si+−10e{ }_{13}^{28} \mathrm{Al} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e1328​Al→1428​Si+−10​e 
B)    1124Na+24He→1428Si{ }_{11}^{24} \mathrm{Na}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1124​Na+24​He→1428​Si 
C)    1528P→1428Si+10e{ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P} \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{1}^{0} e1528​P→1428​Si+10​e 
D)    1528P+−10e→1428Si{ }_{15}^{28} \mathrm{P}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1528​P+−10​e→1428​Si 
E)    1427Si+01n→1428Si{ }_{14}^{27} \mathrm{Si}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1427​Si+01​n→1428​SiF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following reactions is an example of beta particle emission?

Accepted Answer

A)    4299Mo→4399Tc+−10e{ }_{42}^{99} \mathrm{Mo} \rightarrow{ }_{43}^{99} \mathrm{Tc}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e4299​Mo→4399​Tc+−10​e 
B)    1940 K+−10e→1840Ar{ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K}+{ }_{-1}^{0} e \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}1940​ K+−10​e→1840​Ar 
C)    1940 K→1840Ar+10e{ }_{19}^{40} \mathrm{~K} \rightarrow{ }_{18}^{40} \mathrm{Ar}+{ }_{1}^{0} e1940​ K→1840​Ar+10​e 
D)    92238U→90234Th+24He{ }_{92}^{238} \mathrm{U} \rightarrow{ }_{90}^{234} \mathrm{Th}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}92238​U→90234​Th+24​He 
E)    90232Th→88228Ra+24He{ }_{90}^{232} \mathrm{Th} \rightarrow{ }_{88}^{228} \mathrm{Ra}+{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}90232​Th→88228​Ra+24​HeF) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Complete the following nuclear fission reaction.  92235U+01n→3789Te+…3−10e+301n{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n92235​U+01​n→3789​Te+…3−10​e+301​n

Accepted Answer

A)    52139Te{ }_{52}^{139} \mathrm{Te}52139​Te 
B)    56142Ba{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}56142​Ba 
C)    55144Cs{ }_{55}^{144} \mathrm{Cs}55144​Cs 
D)    58144Ce{ }_{58}^{144} \mathrm{Ce}58144​Ce 
E)    61147Pm{ }_{61}^{147} \mathrm{Pm}61147​PmF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 12

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   the Sun's energy comes primarily from the fusion of hydrogen.
B)   fusion reactions have high activation barriers due to repulsion of nuclei.
C)   fission reactions have relatively low activation barriers because uncharged neutrons used to initiate the reactions are not repelled by nuclei.
D)   magnetic fields can be used to confine nuclei during a fusion reaction.
E)   many fission reactors have been replaced by fusion reactors,which produce more energy and fewer waste products.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Marie Curie was the first person in history to

Accepted Answer

A)   discover radioactivity.
B)   die from leukemia.
C)   win two Nobel Prizes.
D)   name an element.
E)   discover the neutron.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium,  13H { }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} 13​H  ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

Accepted Answer

A)   12.3 yr
B)   14.2 yr
C)   19.5 yr
D)   24.6 yr
E)   36.9 yr F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

What nucleus decays by successive ?,?,? emissions to produce uranium-236?

Accepted Answer

A)    88232Ra{ }_{88}^{232} \mathrm{Ra}88232​Ra 
B)    88230Ra{ }_{88}^{230} \mathrm{Ra}88230​Ra 
C)    92240Pu{ }_{92}^{240} \mathrm{Pu}92240​Pu 
D)    94242Pu{ }_{94}^{242} \mathrm{Pu}94242​Pu 
E)    92940 L{ }_{92}^{940} \mathrm{~L}92940​ LF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 16

The half-life of   1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl   is 9.5 × 1012 s.How many atoms of  1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl  are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 109 atoms/s?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.9 × 10−23 atoms
B)   4.1 × 10−4 atoms
C)   2.4 × 103 atoms
D)   9.1 × 1016 atoms
E)   5.3 × 1022 atoms F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

If a nucleus captures an electron,its atomic number

Accepted Answer

A)   decreases by 2.
B)   decreases by 1.
C)   remains the same.
D)   increases by 1.
E)   increases by 2.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   a nucleus weighs less than the protons and neutrons from which it is composed.
B)   the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons is called the mass defect.
C)   the process in which a nucleus decomposes to form two or more lighter nuclei is called nuclear fission.
D)   nuclear fission evolves more energy than ordinary chemical reactions,such as the combustion of gasoline.
E)   nuclear fission evolves more energy than nuclear fusion.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)   nuclear fission of 235U.
B)   nuclear fusion of 235U.
C)   nuclear fission of 1H.
D)   nuclear fusion of 1H.
E)   nuclear fusion of 2H.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

If a nucleus decays by successive α,β,β particle emissions,its atomic number will

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease by four.
B)   decrease by two.
C)   increase by four.
D)   increase by two.
E)   be unchanged.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Exam 18: Nuclear Reactions

If a nucleus emits a beta particle,its atomic number

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Which of the following reactions is an example of beta particle emission?

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A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of 614C { }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C} 614​C is present? The decay constant of 614C{ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}614​C is 3.8 × 10?12 s?1.

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A plot of the number of neutrons versus the number of protons in nuclei shows a narrow band of stable isotopes.By what method(s) can isotopes with a low proton-neutron ratio (i.e. ,ones that fall below the band of stability) decay to form elements that are more stable?

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How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium, 13H { }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H} 13​H ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

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What nucleus decays by successive ?,?,? emissions to produce uranium-236?

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If a nucleus decays by successive α,β,β particle emissions,its atomic number will

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Marie Curie was the first person in history to

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Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 92235U+01n→56142Ba+3691Kr+{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+92235​U+01​n→56142​Ba+3691​Kr+ ------

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All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

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Which of the following reactions is an example of positron emission?

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The half-life of 1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl is 9.5 × 1012 s.How many atoms of 1736Cl { }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl} 1736​Cl are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 109 atoms/s?

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All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

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Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of 1428Si{ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}1428​Si from beta emission.

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Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. 92235U+01n→3789Te+…3−10e+301n{ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n92235​U+01​n→3789​Te+…3−10​e+301​n

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What is the relationship between the rate constant and the half-life for nuclear decay?

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The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. 411H→24He+210e4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e411​H→24​He+210​e

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All of the following statements are true EXCEPT

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Most of the nuclear power on earth is produced primarily from

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If a nucleus captures an electron,its atomic number

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A 1.00 g sample of carbon taken from a fossilized plant has an activity of 0.19 atoms/s.What mass of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is present? The decay constant of ${ }_{6}^{14} \mathrm{C}$ is 3.8 × 10?¹² s?¹.

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How long does it take for 105 mg of tritium, ${ }_{1}^{3} \mathrm{H}$ ,to decay to 35.0 mg? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 yr.

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Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{56}^{142} \mathrm{Ba}+{ }_{36}^{91} \mathrm{Kr}+$ ------

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The half-life of ${ }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl}$ is 9.5 × 10¹² s.How many atoms of ${ }_{17}^{36} \mathrm{Cl}$ are present in a sample with an activity of 3.9 × 10⁹ atoms/s?

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Write the balanced nuclear equation for the formation of ${ }_{14}^{28} \mathrm{Si}$ from beta emission.

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Complete the following nuclear fission reaction. ${ }_{92}^{235} \mathrm{U}+{ }_{0}^{1} n \rightarrow{ }_{37}^{89} \mathrm{Te}+\ldots 3_{-1}^{0} e+3_{0}^{1} n$

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The following nuclear reaction is an example of ____. $4_{1}^{1} \mathrm{H} \rightarrow{ }_{2}^{4} \mathrm{He}+2_{1}^{0} e$

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