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Exam 17: Cell Reproduction and Differentiation

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Mutations in human DNA rarely impair normal cell function because

A) repair of DNA prevents all mutations from ever causing damage to a cell.
B) damaged cells commit "suicide" to prevent damage to the body.
C) cells have one major repair enzyme that corrects the mutations quickly.
D) multiple DNA repair enzymes usually quickly correct the mutations before any damage can occur.
E) the cells attack dysfunctional gene products, averting damage to the cell.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Which one of the following statements CORRECTLY compares the effects of a mutation in a gamete to the effects of a mutation in a somatic cell?

A) Somatic cell mutations always cause cancer, whereas gamete mutations do not.
B) Gamete mutations are passed to the next generation, whereas somatic cell mutations are not.
C) Gamete mutations are typically deadly, whereas somatic cell mutations are not.
D) Somatic cell mutations are typically deadly, whereas gamete mutations are not.
E) Mutations in both types of cells usually result in cancer.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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B

Question 3

Short Answer

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Following replication of chromosomes, sister chromatids are held together by a(n) ________.

Chromosomes first become visible as two sister chromatids held together at the centromere during which one of the following phases?

The study of how gene expression is altered by factors in the cell's environment rather than the DNA sequence of the gene itself is called ________.

During DNA replication, complementary nucleotides are added to the separated strands of the original DNA by enzymes. Which one of the following bases would a nucleotide contain if it were paired to a nucleotide containing thymine?

Which one of the following stages of mitosis is shown in the figure above, and which stage comes next?

Match each stage of the mitotic phase to its description. -chromosomes are lined up along the "equator" in the center of the cell

Determine whether each of the following events is characteristic of mitosis, meiosis, or both. Answers may be used more than once. -step where duplicate DNA molecules are being pulled in opposite directions by equal forces, but centromeres are attached preventing separation A) B) C) D)

Cell differentiation of a pre-embryo begins

Determine whether each of the following events is characteristic of mitosis, meiosis, or both. Answers may be used more than once. -preceded by replication of chromosomes during interphase A) mitosis B) mitosis and meiosis C) meiosis

During transcription, a portion of a cell's DNA is converted to a complimentary strand of mRNA. The mRNA is eventually used as the blueprint for making one or more proteins, but not immediately. A short lag time is necessary between transcription and the initiation of translation. Why?

During which one of the following phases of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?

________ is the process by which the DNA code of a single gene is converted into a complimentary strand of mRNA.

Most nonlethal mutations in somatic cells are passed along to the next generation.

The development of induced pluripotent stem cells would make possible therapeutic cloning without the use of embryos.

Match each stage of the mitotic phase to its description. -chromosomes become visible; centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell; mitotic spindle forms

A short segment of DNA that contains the code or blueprint for one or more proteins is called a gene.

Match the following types of RNA to their description. Answers may be used more than once. -transports amino acids to the ribosome

Determine whether each of the following events is characteristic of mitosis, meiosis, or both. Answers may be used more than once. -results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells A) mitosis B) mitosis and meiosis C) meiosis