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Exam 6: Clinical Research and Psychology at the End of the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th

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Question 1

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Danish psychiatrist Fritz Lange reported that in the late 1800s he and his colleagues routinely used lithium in the treatment of affective disorders. Lithium later was recognized as an effective drug to treat symptoms of:

A) schizophrenia
B) depression
C) bipolar disorder
D) social anxiety
E) phobia

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Question 2

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From the medical standpoint, psychopathology is the branch of medicine dealing with brain injuries .

A) True
B) False

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Question 3

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Name the most important differences between madness and neurosis.

A disorder characterized in the 19th century by persistent feelings of weakness and general lowering of bodily and mental tone was labeled as:

Moral therapy is a therapeutic principle based on an assumption that to return to a normal mental state, the patient should be punished for some old wrongdoings. Only then, he or she could restore the lost qualities of good behavior.

Jean-Philippe Esquirol introduced statistical methods to clinical studies and proposed that the most frequent cause of mental illness was:

First described in 1874 (William Gull) , symptoms of deliberate weight loss through self-starvation received the label:

Richard von Krafft-Ebbing in 1886 wrote the book Psychopathia Sexualis, in which he provided a detailed analysis of human sexuality.

The term to describe exhaustion of the nervous system as a cause of abnormal psychological symptoms is called:

Charcot believed that the symptoms of hysteria related to alcohol.

Many academic psychologists did not want to see clinical psychology as an independent field within the psychology discipline. First, they were seen as intruders into the medical field, the area beyond a psychologist's competence. What was the second reason?

Historians in the United States and Europe documented a significant decrease of incidences of mental illness at the end of 19th century.

The procedure based on comparing clinical observations of a patient's abnormal symptoms with the reliable data about brain pathology, most likely obtained during the autopsy on this patient's brain received the label:

Kraepelin was trained in experimental psychology at the Wundt laboratory in Leipzig.

Degeneration is a term referring to a generational regress in physical and psychological traits.

Dorothea L. Dix was known for her:

Kraepelin offered a classification of mental illness, which included categories or groups.

The case of Monsieur Tan showed that the loss of speech, or aphasia, without the paralysis of the organs of speech is tied to childhood abuse.

It was widely recognized in the early 20th century that medical doctors should play a major role in diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. Psychologists gradually accepted a different role. Which one?

Although the early 19th-century textbooks on medicine already had chapters on psychiatry, mental illness appeared as a special category of illness only in the mid-1800s.