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Where did migrant workers seeking to escape the chronic drought of the Dust Bowl typically look for work in the 1930s?


A) California
B) Texas
C) Michigan
D) New England

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements describes the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938?


A) It provided jobs for all able-bodied workers.
B) It was often called the Time and Money Act.
C) It set standards for wages and hours.
D) It explicitly exempted women.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements describes the National Housing Act of 1937?


A) It met most cities' needs for affordable housing.
B) It provided free housing for over half a million Americans.
C) It made 160,000 residences available to poor people at affordable rents.
D) It symbolized the federal government's retreat from providing decent urban housing.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following describes the experiences of Mexican Americans during the 1930s?


A) They found it easy to integrate into American society.
B) They experienced substantially less discrimination in New Deal programs than did other minority groups.
C) They experienced a dramatic increase in wages through employment in New Deal programs.
D) Thousands were deported, many with their American-born children.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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What was the name of President Roosevelt's signature program?


A) The New Freedom
B) The Square Deal
C) The Works Progress Program
D) The New Deal

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Use the following to answer questions : Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. -Franklin Roosevelt explained New Deal initiatives to the nation in these informal radio addresses, which helped bolster his popularity and secure support for his reforms.


A) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
B) Committee for Industrial Organization
C) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
D) court-packing plan
E) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
F) fireside chats
G) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
H) New Deal coalition
I) Social Security
J) underconsumption
K) Wagner Act
L) Works Progress Administration (WPA)

M) D) and J)
N) C) and G)

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The framers of Social Security agreed to fund the program


A) through a progressive tax on workers.
B) with tax contributions from workers and their employers.
C) by raising income taxes on the wealthiest Americans.
D) through the federal government's general tax fund.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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President Roosevelt's plan for enlarging the Supreme Court


A) became unnecessary when four conservative judges retired.
B) faced great opposition but was ultimately successful.
C) was ruled unconstitutional by the sitting Supreme Court justices.
D) was ratified by Congress but not by the required number of states.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Discuss two programs initiated during President Roosevelt's first one hundred days and explain how they reflected the New Dealers' views on economic recovery.

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Answer would ideally include:
Emergency ...

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In running for his second term in office, President Roosevelt said, "I should like to have it said of my first Administration that in it the forces of selfishness and of lust for power met their match. I should like to have it said of my second Administration that in it these forces met their master." To what extent did the president achieve his objective for his second term? In your answer, pay careful attention to the political, economic, and social actions taken by the president.

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Answer would ideally include: Packing the Supreme Court: After the Supreme Court had ruled eleven of his New Deal measures unconstitutional, the president sought to increase the number of justices on the bench to tilt opinion in favor of New Deal policies. His plan failed, owing to massive opposition in Congress and among the public. The retirement of four conservative justices, however, gave Roosevelt the chance to reshape the Supreme Court, preventing it from further striking down New Deal legislation. Although Roosevelt secured the court's support, his court-packing scheme so riled Republicans and southern Democrats that they joined forces to obstruct additional reform during his second term. Government Regulation of the Economy: Roosevelt's retreat from federal spending to regulate and support the economy, and the recession that followed, proved to many that such federal programs were necessary to stimulate the economy and bring about full recovery. The recession and the support that New Deal economics received from the ideas published by economist John Maynard Keynes allowed Roosevelt to pursue federal regulation of the economy without the level of vocal opposition that had plagued his first term in office. Rights of Workers: Through the passage of the Wagner Act and the Fair Labor Standards Act in his second term, Roosevelt did manage to force business and industry to recognize labor unions, to negotiate with their members, and to meet minimum standards for wages and hours. An enormous expansion of union membership quickly followed and went a long way toward checking the forces of greed and lust for power. Through the National Housing Act, the New Deal offered some assistance to the urban poor in finding affordable housing. The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 reiterated the government's commitment to ensuring a decent standard of living for workers by establishing a minimum wage. Rights of African Americans: Roosevelt made some limited efforts to challenge white supremacy in the South and to improve the circumstances of African Americans, but he had little or no success. The Farm Security Administration, which aimed to help tenant farmers become independent, was underfunded and unable to compete with major farm organizations intent on serving their own interests. Roosevelt denounced lynching as murder but would not jeopardize his vital base of southern political support by demanding antilynching legislation. Laws to eliminate the poll tax encountered the same overwhelming resistance. Because of his need to maintain the New Deal coalition, Roosevelt refused to confront the injustices of racial segregation with the same vigor he brought to bear on economic hardship.

Use the following to answer questions : Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. -Coalition of mostly unskilled workers formed in 1935 that mobilized massive union organizing drives in major industries. By 1941, through the affiliated United Auto Workers, organizers had overcome violent resistance to unionize the entire automobile industry.


A) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
B) Committee for Industrial Organization
C) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
D) court-packing plan
E) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
F) fireside chats
G) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
H) New Deal coalition
I) Social Security
J) underconsumption
K) Wagner Act
L) Works Progress Administration (WPA)

M) A) and K)
N) A) and E)

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What was Franklin D. Roosevelt's political experience before he won the presidential election of 1932?


A) He had served as the Republican mayor of New York City.
B) He had gained political experience as he worked his way through college.
C) He had served as governor of New York.
D) He had been lieutenant governor and then a two-term the governor of New Jersey.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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C

To what was President Roosevelt referring when he said, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself"?


A) Fascist aggression in Germany
B) Nationalist expansion in Japan
C) His paralysis from polio
D) The terror caused by the Depression

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Use the following to answer questions : Select the word or phrase from the Terms section that best matches the definition or example provided in the Definitions section. -Federal relief program established in March 1933 that provided assistance in the form of jobs to millions of unemployed young men and a handful of women. Program members worked on conservation projects throughout the nation.


A) Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
B) Committee for Industrial Organization
C) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
D) court-packing plan
E) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
F) fireside chats
G) National Recovery Administration (NRA)
H) New Deal coalition
I) Social Security
J) underconsumption
K) Wagner Act
L) Works Progress Administration (WPA)

M) B) and H)
N) C) and I)

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To what extent did racial and ethnic minorities benefit from New Deal programs?

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Answer would ideally include: African Americans Many African Americans, particularly in the South, worked as agricultural workers and therefore did not benefit from New Deal labor reforms such as Social Security. Other initiatives, such as the Agricultural Adjustment Act, favored landholders and in practice often harmed sharecroppers. Disfranchisement of African Americans in the South largely cut them off from registering their sentiments by voting. The New Deal coalition's dependence on support from southern Democrats made Roosevelt cautious in his efforts to address poverty and injustice in the South. Still, the New Deal attracted support from African American voters in the North. Hispanic Americans: Many Hispanic Americans were agricultural workers, and therefore did not receive any benefits from New Deal reforms such as a minimum wage and Social Security. Attempts to protect jobs for U.S. citizens led to closing off Mexican immigration and the deportation of many aliens. Without citizenship, many immigrants were unable to vote and use formal traditional political channels to make demands.

Why did President Roosevelt attempt to pack the Supreme Court? What was the result?

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Answer would ideally include:
Roosevelt'...

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What made it impossible for the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to regulate business effectively?


A) Large businesses that employed more workers were excluded from the agency's charge.
B) The codes written by industry leaders tended to serve the interests of corporations only.
C) The code system was so complicated that neither the government nor the corporations could interpret it effectively.
D) The government's NRA public relations campaign actually discouraged Americans from patronizing NRA businesses.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What strategy did President Roosevelt use to restore America's confidence in government and the private banking system?


A) He held daily press conferences at the White House.
B) He broadcast his reassuring fireside chats on the radio.
C) He strong-armed Congress to pass all the bills his administration proposed.
D) He issued unemployment checks to needy families.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following describes the overall impact of the New Deal?


A) It prevented the United States from turning toward authoritarian solutions to the nation's economic crisis.
B) It ended the Depression and eliminated the class hierarchy in the United States.
C) It weakened presidential power and strengthened the military-industrial complex.
D) It ended the Depression and led directly to the United States' involvement in World War II.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The New Deal established the basis of the American welfare state, but many Americans remained outside its reach. Which groups of Americans benefited least from the New Deal and why?

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Answer would ideally include:
African Am...

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