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Exam 18: The Urinary System: Renal Function

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Question 61

Multiple Choice

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Tubular epithelial cells of the collecting duct and distal tubule contain receptors for what hormone that stimulates sodium reabsorption?

A) atrial natriuretic peptide
B) erythropoietin
C) renin
D) aldosterone
E) antidiuretic hormone

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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Which tubule drains into the minor calyces?

A) loop of Henle
B) Bowman's capsule
C) distal tubule
D) proximal tubule
E) collecting duct

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Question 63

Multiple Choice

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What are the specialized cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the afferent arteriole (and, to a lesser extent, the efferent arteriole) called?

What capillaries come off of the efferent arterioles associated with juxtamedullary nephrons?

The (tubular epithelial cell / peritubular capillary endothelial cell) forms the primary barrier for reabsorption of most solutes.

Urea reabsorption follows water reabsorption.

An increase in sympathetic activity will increase glomerular filtration rate.

The clearance of what substance, a natural by -product of muscle metabolism, provides a non -invasive estimate of glomerular filtration rate?

Which equation describes the calculation of glomerular filtration pressure (BC = Bowman's capsule and GC = glomerular capillary) ?

The proximal tubule is connected to the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.

Which of the following are modified smooth muscle cells around the glomerulus that contract to decrease the surface area of the glomerulus available for filtration?

When the solute concentration is high enough in the lumen of the renal tubules such that all of the carrier proteins or pumps for that solute are occupied, the system is operating at

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Glucose is an important component of the blood that is usually completely reabsorbed (there is no glucose in the urine). Outline the process whereby glucose is transported across the tubular epithelial cells, including the concepts of transport maximum and renal threshold.

In juxtamedullary nephrons, which region sets up the medullary osmotic gradient?

The intrinsic and extrinsic controls of glomerular filtration rate ultimately involve changes in resistance at the afferent arteriole.

Which of the following equations for determining clearance is correct?

Which of the following equations is correct for calculating the filtered load?

A decrease in glomerular filtration rate tends to decrease urine output.

In spite of the large volume of fluid that enters the kidneys every day, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is highly regulated to minimize changes that might alter urine output. Describe the intrinsic mechanisms involved in the maintenance of GFR in the presence of a stimulus that would elevate GFR.