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The fur standing up along a dogʹs back when it confronts a strange dog is an example of visual communication.

A) True
B) False

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When the back of a male stickleback turns blue, this signal is perceived by females


A) to indicate danger to the school.
B) to signal the beginning of the mating season.
C) to delimit territory.
D) to describe the location of food.
E) as an example of courtship behavior.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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What methods do animals use to communicate with one another?

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Animals communicate ...

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Which type of learning would be most beneficial for a person from New York City who is shipwrecked on an uninhabited tropical island?


A) Innate learning
B) Imprinting
C) Habituation
D) Insight learning
E) Operant conditioning

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Trial-and-error learning can be important in the development of a behavior.

A) True
B) False

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The function of honeybee queens is to bring nectar back to the hive.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a disadvantage for animals living in groups?


A) Decreased risk of disease
B) Lower efficiency in finding food
C) Reduced chance of finding a mate
D) Increased chance of being spotted by predators

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Drones are male honeybees that


A) build the hexagonal cells of wax for the larvae.
B) mate with the queens.
C) forage for food.
D) feed the developing larvae.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of these is an example of a pheromone?


A) The waggle dance of the honeybee
B) A peacockʹs tail
C) Bird song
D) A dog urinating on a bush
E) Light emitted by fireflies

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Smiling when happy seems to be an expression common to all human societies, suggesting that this behavior is probably


A) based on social standing.
B) genetic in origin.
C) altruistic.
D) learned.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Foraging honeybees communicate the location of a source of food by


A) flying around the location.
B) doing a specific waggle dance.
C) using a unique verbal language.
D) releasing pheromones.
E) creating noises with their wings.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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How do silk moths attract mates?


A) The males sing a high-pitched song to attract the females.
B) The females flit around the males in an elaborate dance.
C) The females secrete pheromones to attract males.
D) They build elaborate nests.
E) The males turn bright red as a visual signal.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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At the start of the breeding season, male stickleback fish undergo a number of significant changes. Their bellies become bright red and they become aggressive toward other males of the species, establishing and defending territories in which they build their nests. Although most male-male encounters consist solely of the resident lunging at an intruder, if this fails to drive off the intruder, the resident may bite. Females choose to mate with males that have large territories and well-constructed nests. What would you expect to happen as nest sites become scarcer?


A) Females will begin to choose mates that have no territories.
B) The color of the males will fade.
C) Males will make their territories even larger.
D) The incidence of biting and other aggressive behaviors will increase.
E) Nest construction will deteriorate.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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Successful defense of territories increases the odds of mating success.

A) True
B) False

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If a baby squirrel is adopted by a mother cat and begins to copy the behaviors of the cat, it is an example of


A) operant conditioning.
B) habituation.
C) trial-and-error learning.
D) imprinting.
E) insight learning.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Living in a social group decreases the odds of finding a mate.

A) True
B) False

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The dominant animal in a social hierarchy, such as a wolf pack, is called the


A) master.
B) alpha.
C) leader.
D) king.
E) omega.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Birds produce species-specific songs.

A) True
B) False

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Only primates play.

A) True
B) False

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Among social animals, cooperative behavior does NOT usually include


A) a caste system in which individuals do certain jobs.
B) division of labor.
C) everybody doing their own thing.
D) alliances among members of the population.
E) increased likelihood of finding mates.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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