Question 1

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  central route persuasion. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door persuasion. 
D)  a dispositional attribution.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the poor; the rich 
B)  attribution theory; social exchange theory 
C)  social psychologists; evolutionary psychologists 
D)  political conservatives; political liberalsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to

Accepted Answer

A)  neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group. 
B)  perform simple tasks more effectively in the presence of others. 
C)  comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request. 
D)  experience an increasing attraction to novel stimuli as they become more familiar.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

According to cognitive dissonance theory,dissonance is most likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  a person's behavior is not based on strongly held attitudes. 
B)  two people have conflicting attitudes and find themselves in disagreement. 
C)  an individual does something that is personally disagreeable. 
D)  an individual is coerced into doing something that he or she does not want to do.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  peripheral route persuasion. 
C)  role-playing. 
D)  the fundamental attribution error.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone

Accepted Answer

A)  in a variety of situations. 
B)  who is unemployed. 
C)  who is wealthy. 
D)  we dislike.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

When male students in an experiment were told that a woman to whom they would be speaking had been instructed to act in a friendly or unfriendly way,most of them subsequently attributed her behavior to

Accepted Answer

A)  the situation. 
B)  the situation and her personal disposition. 
C)  her personal disposition. 
D)  their own skill or lack of skill in a social situation.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues,it is likely that Aleksis will

Accepted Answer

A)  experience a substantial loss of self-esteem. 
B)  develop an increasing dislike for his brother. 
C)  lose his inhibitions. 
D)  develop a great sense of admiration and respect for his brother.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  role-playing. 
C)  a situational attribution. 
D)  central route persuasion.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel

Accepted Answer

A)  little sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove. 
B)  little sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally approve. 
C)  a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove. 
D)  a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally approve.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.

Accepted Answer

A)  central persuasion; peripheral persuasion 
B)  peripheral persuasion; central persuasion 
C)  personal dispositions; situational influences 
D)  situational influences; personal dispositionsE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following situations should produce the GREATEST cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  A soldier is forced to carry out orders he finds disagreeable. 
B)  A student who loves animals has to dissect a cat in order to pass biology. 
C)  As part of an experiment,a subject is directed to deliver electric shocks to another person. 
D)  A student volunteers to debate an issue,taking the side he personally disagrees with.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Two neighboring nations are each stockpiling weapons. Each sees its neighbor's actions as an act of aggression and its own actions as self-defense. Evidently,these nations are victims of

Accepted Answer

A)  role-playing. 
B)  cognitive dissonance. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  the fundamental attribution error.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Compared with central route persuasion,peripheral route persuasion tends to

Accepted Answer

A)  be more durable. 
B)  occur more rapidly. 
C)  be more likely to influence behavior. 
D)  involve a greater number of logical arguments.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger's

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of employment to a weak economy. 
B)  act of kindness to a compassionate personality. 
C)  criminal behavior to a poor education. 
D)  friendliness to social role requirements.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that

Accepted Answer

A)  a pooling of efforts toward a common goal contributes to cognitive dissonance. 
B)  the presence of others interferes with individual performance on difficult tasks. 
C)  actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes. 
D)  group discussion enhances a group's prevailing attitudes.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid,you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products,you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error. 
B)  role-playing. 
C)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  role-playing.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  central route persuasion. 
B)  group influence. 
C)  personal dispositions. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

Accepted Answer

A)  he is not motivated to do well in school. 
B)  the test covered material that had not been adequately covered in class. 
C)  his parents had an argument the evening before the test. 
D)  he was not given enough time to complete the test.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 4: Self-Serving Bias

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues,it is likely that Aleksis will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid,you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products,you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caitlin concluded that her husband was late for dinner because he was caught in heavy traffic. Her conclusion best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marilyn judges her professor's strict class attendance policy to be an indication of his overcontrolling personality rather than a necessity dictated by the limited number of class sessions in a course that meets only once a week. Her judgment best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When male students in an experiment were told that a woman to whom they would be speaking had been instructed to act in a friendly or unfriendly way,most of them subsequently attributed her behavior to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by ________ and in terms of situational influences by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental attribution error is likely to lead observers to attribute a stranger's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two neighboring nations are each stockpiling weapons. Each sees its neighbor's actions as an act of aggression and its own actions as self-defense. Evidently,these nations are victims of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental attribution error is likely to be restrained by observing someone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following situations should produce the GREATEST cognitive dissonance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to cognitive dissonance theory,dissonance is most likely to occur when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with central route persuasion,peripheral route persuasion tends to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bart complied with his friends' request to join them in smashing decorative pumpkins early one Halloween evening. Later that night he was surprised by his own failure to resist their pressures to throw eggs at passing police cars. Bart's experience best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of and to overestimate the impact of in explaining the behavior of others.

Correct Answer
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Poverty and unemployment are likely to be explained in terms of personal dispositions by and in terms of situational influences by .

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