Question 1

What is an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

An operational definition is a clear, pr...

Question 2

Julie finds that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches 8 hours, her quiz scores improve; as her sleep drops to 5 hours, her quiz scores show a similar decline. Julie realizes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   there is a negative correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades
B)   there is a positive correlation between the number of hours she sleeps and her quiz grades
C)   her low quiz scores are caused by sleep deprivation the night before a quiz
D)   she should sleep about 10 hours a night to ensure 100 percent quiz gradesE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Darley and Latané (1968)  believe that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that they would receive help due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion of anonymity
B)   diffusion of responsibility
C)   flaws in laws protecting Good Samaritans
D)   timeliness of onsetE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

The purpose of an experiment is to discover whether there is a relationship between the ___________ and the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable; control variable
B)   dependent variable; control variable
C)   control group; experimental group
D)   independent variable; dependent variableE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements
B)   determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior
C)   listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness
D)   carefully feel the bumps on a person's head in order to determine his or her character traitsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

A researcher stops people at the mall and asks them questions about their attitudes toward gun control. Which research technique is being used?

Accepted Answer

A)   survey
B)   experiment
C)   case study
D)   naturalistic observationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

A good control group ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contains at least one confound
B)   has a limited number of dependent variables
C)   has a limited number of research participants
D)   holds constant all variables in the experimentE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic
B)   behavioral
C)   psychodynamic
D)   evolutionaryE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   conclusion
B)   result
C)   hypothesis
D)   factE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Roger conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class. He observed the interactions of parents and children at a football game. Many of the people he observed seemed to have noticed him. Roger forgot about the observer effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Dr. Calvin needs just one more participant to complete her experiment. Lisa, a student of Dr. Calvin, has almost completed the experiment when she announces she wants to quit because the experiment is boring. What options does Dr. Calvin have?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dr. Calvin can require that Lisa finish because students don't have the same rights to quit an experiment as the general public does.
B)   Dr. Calvin can require that Lisa finish because boredom is not an acceptable excuse for quitting.
C)   Dr. Calvin can make Lisa stay since she is a student of hers and she requires students to take part in her experiments.
D)   Dr. Calvin must let Lisa go and find another participant.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Who was the first woman to complete the coursework for a doctorate at Harvard University?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mary Whiton Calkins
B)   Mary Cover Jones
C)   Margaret Washburn
D)   Ruth HowardE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Political polls taken before major elections are examples of __________ research.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   experimental
C)   case study
D)   surveyE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Dr. Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college juniors in the United States. He should ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   give the survey to every college junior in the country
B)   remember that sample size is the most critical factor in survey research
C)   require students' names on each survey to avoid the tendency to lie
D)   draw a representative sample among college juniorsE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

One of the main reasons for using a laboratory for psychological research is to:

Accepted Answer

A)   prevent subjects from escaping.
B)   study behavior in a natural setting.
C)   do large-scale studies.
D)   allow the researchers to control certain factors.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The greatest advantage to using a case study is that

Accepted Answer

A)   researchers can gather data from large groups of people.
B)   there is a tremendous amount of detail that can be gathered.
C)   it can help in forming a hypothesis which can later be tested.
D)   it uses animals instead of humans and therefore does not endanger the subjects.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

The work of Freud was built around ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a theory of personality that emphasizes the awareness of one's own cognitive processes
B)   a theory of personality that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
C)   a method of psychotherapy in which an observer carefully records and interprets behavior without interfering with the behavior
D)   a method of psychotherapy that emphasizes how maladaptive behaviors are learned through imitations of others and through cognitive expectationsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 18

Manipulating an independent variable in a real-life setting is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   an experiment
B)   an example of naturalistic observation
C)   a field experiment
D)   unethicalE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Early psychologist Edward Titchener taught ________at Cornell University. This woman became famous for becoming the first woman to receive the Ph.D. in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   Margaret Meade
B)   Lindsey Paul
C)   Margaret F. Washburn
D)   Maxine WertheimerE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

According to present research on psychologists, 34% are in the ________subfield of psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)   counseling
B)   industrial/organizational
C)   developmental
D)   clinicalE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

The work of Freud was built around ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Calvin needs just one more participant to complete her experiment. Lisa, a student of Dr. Calvin, has almost completed the experiment when she announces she wants to quit because the experiment is boring. What options does Dr. Calvin have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early psychologist Edward Titchener taught ________at Cornell University. This woman became famous for becoming the first woman to receive the Ph.D. in psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A good control group ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Manipulating an independent variable in a real-life setting is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Julie finds that the number of hours she sleeps each night is related to the scores she receives on quizzes the next day. As her sleep approaches 8 hours, her quiz scores improve; as her sleep drops to 5 hours, her quiz scores show a similar decline. Julie realizes that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The purpose of an experiment is to discover whether there is a relationship between the ___________ and the ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following perspectives focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the main reasons for using a laboratory for psychological research is to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to present research on psychologists, 34% are in the ________subfield of psychology.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darley and Latané (1968) believe that the presence of other people in a distressing situation decreased the likelihood that they would receive help due to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher stops people at the mall and asks them questions about their attitudes toward gun control. Which research technique is being used?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Political polls taken before major elections are examples of __________ research.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Wiseman wants to know about the alcohol consumption patterns among college juniors in the United States. He should ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roger conducted a naturalistic observation as a project for a psychology class. He observed the interactions of parents and children at a football game. Many of the people he observed seemed to have noticed him. Roger forgot about the observer effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greatest advantage to using a case study is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who was the first woman to complete the coursework for a doctorate at Harvard University?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an operational definition?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAn operational definition is a clear, pr...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The purpose of an experiment is to discover whether there is a relationship between the _ and the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
An operational definition is a clear, pr...
View Answer