Question 1

Organisms that use the radiant energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide to organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemoautotrophs
B)  chemoheterotrophs
C)  photoautotrophs
D)  photoheterotrophs
E)  didliotrophsF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Why does an electrochemical potential build up in mitochondria, but not in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proton movement into the thylakoid lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions.
B)  Proton movement into the intercristal space is neutralized by the movement of other ions.
C)  Proton movement into the cristae lumen is neutralized by the movement of other ions.
D)  The protons in chloroplasts are immediately joined to electrons.
E)  The protons in mitochondria are immediately joined to electrons.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma membrane
B)  the mitochondrion
C)  the central vacuole
D)  the lysosome
E)  the endoplasmic reticulumF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

The non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prechloros
B)  preplastids
C)  proplastids
D)  prochloroplasts
E)  prechloroplastsF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered to be a contributor to increased global surface temperatures?

Accepted Answer

A)  greenhouse gas emission
B)  burning of fossil fuels
C)  deforestation
D)  carbon sequestration
E)  industrial and transportation infrastructureF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 is the most highly reduced and least energetic form in which carbon can occur.
B)  CO2 is very unstable.
C)  CO2 is the most highly oxidized and least energetic form in which carbon can occur.
D)  CO2 is the most highly oxidized and most energetic form in which carbon can occur.
E)  CO2 is highly unstable and only moderately energetic which makes the process more expensive energetically.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 7

Thylakoid membranes have ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  high protein content
B)  relatively plentiful phospholipids
C)  a low percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids
D)  low protein contentE) None of the above
F) A) and B) A

Question 8

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisome
B)  glyoxysome
C)  lysosome
D)  Golgi apparatus
E)  rough endoplasmic reticulumF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 9

What molecular property of protoporphyrin IX permits light absorption in the blue and red wavelength ranges?

Accepted Answer

A)  two carboxylic acid residues
B)  multiple methyl groups
C)  conjugated single and double bonds
D)  four nitrogen atomsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment.
B)  They can generate low [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment.
C)  They destroy the cell wall.
D)  They convert CO2 to O2.
E)  They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local PEP carboxylase environment.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ferritin
B)  Sulfotriene
C)  Sulfate
D)  Ferredoxin
E)  SulferritinF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO2 and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

A)  malate
B)  oxygen
C)  RuBP
D)  PEP
E)  waterF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

How do C4 and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  They destroy O2.
B)  They chemically alter O2 before it gets to the enzyme.
C)  They employ mechanisms that increase the CO2/O2 ratio to which Rubisco molecules are exposed.
D)  They chemically alter CO2.
E)  They destroy CO2.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment. What was it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts.
B)  Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight.
C)  Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared.
D)  When Spirogyra was illuminated, actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The primary role of amyloplasts in a plant cell is __________________________

Accepted Answer

A)  pollination
B)  seed dispersal
C)  protection from herbivorous animals
D)  protection from herbicides
E)  energy storageF) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Thylakoid membranes are characterized by possessing ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low protein content
B)  relatively plentiful phospholipids
C)  a high percentage of galactose-containing glycolipids
D)  low DNA contentE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  plant life as a whole
B)  phytoplankton
C)  fungi
D)  bacteria
E)  mossesF) All of the above
G) None of the above A

Question 18

The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used __________ as an electron source for photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  hydrogen sulfide
C)  hydrogen sulfite
D)  carbon dioxide
E)  carbohydratesF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  grana thylakoids
B)  stroma thylakoids
C)  grana
D)  lumen
E)  stromaF) A) and B)
G) C) and E) B

Question 20

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  involvement of PSII, not PSI
B)  a requirement for CO2
C)  a requirement for oxidized NADP
D)  a requirement for sunlightE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Organisms that use the radiant energy of the sun to convert carbon dioxide to organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does an electrochemical potential build up in mitochondria, but not in chloroplasts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Into which structure is malate transported during nighttime carbon fixation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts are called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not considered to be a contributor to increased global surface temperatures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thylakoid membranes have ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What molecular property of protoporphyrin IX permits light absorption in the blue and red wavelength ranges?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP+ to form NADPH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO2 and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do C4 and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment. What was it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary role of amyloplasts in a plant cell is __________________________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thylakoid membranes are characterized by possessing ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO2 to carbohydrate each year?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The earliest photosynthetic organisms on Earth probably used __________ as an electron source for photosynthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Noncyclic photophosphorylation is characterized by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Why is the conversion of CO₂ to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

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A

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How do C₄ plants manage to cause CO₂ fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

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___________is a small, water-soluble, iron-sulfur protein that transfers electrons to NADP⁺ to form NADPH.

Correct Answer
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What substance is made in the mesophyll cells of CAM plants during the nighttime fixation of CO₂ and then stored in the cell's central vacuole?

Correct Answer
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How do C₄ and CAM plants overcome the negative effects of photorespiration?

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What group of organisms is thought to be responsible for converting about 500 trillion kg of CO₂ to carbohydrate each year?

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A

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B

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