Question 1

An amino acid neurotransmitter that operates at inhibitory synapses in the brain is

Accepted Answer

A)   acetylcholine.
B)   epinephrine.
C)   endorphin.
D)   serotonin.
E)   gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

A)   is formed by tight junctions.
B)   is formed by oligodendrocytes.
C)   tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS.
D)   uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord.
E)   provides support to the brain tissue.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The system that modulates excitation and inhibition of smooth and cardiac muscles of the digestive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems is the

Accepted Answer

A)   central nervous system.
B)   peripheral nervous system.
C)   autonomic nervous system.
D)   parasympathetic nervous system.
E)   sympathetic nervous system.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   short-term memory.
B)   long-term memory.
C)   circadian rhythm.
D)   foot-tapping rhythm.
E)   breath holding.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E) C

Question 5

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain.
B)   a product of the filtration of blood in the brain.
C)   formed from layers of connective tissue.
D)   functioning to cushion the brain.
E)   filling cavities in the brain called ventricles.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the

Accepted Answer

A)   basal nuclei.
B)   cerebral cortex.
C)   brainstem.
D)   limbic system.
E)   spinal cord.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

In a cephalized invertebrate, the system that transmits "efferent" impulses from the anterior ganglion to distal segments is the

Accepted Answer

A)   central nervous system.
B)   peripheral nervous system.
C)   autonomic nervous system.
D)   parasympathetic nervous system.
E)   sympathetic nervous system.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

Exercise and emergency reactions include

Accepted Answer

A)   increased activity in all parts of the peripheral nervous system.
B)   increased activity in the sympathetic, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic branches.
C)   decreased activity in the sympathetic, and increased activity in the parasympathetic branches.
D)   increased activity in the enteric nervous system.
E)   reduced heart rate and blood pressure.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Cranial nerves originate in the brain and are thus part of the

Accepted Answer

A)   central nervous system.
B)   peripheral nervous system.
C)   autonomic nervous system.
D)   parasympathetic nervous system.
E)   sympathetic nervous system.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

In the human knee-jerk reflex, as the calf is raised from the vertical toward the horizontal, the muscles of the quadriceps (flexors on the ventral side of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (extensors on the dorsal side of the thighs) are

Accepted Answer

A)   both excited and contracting.
B)   both inhibited and relaxed.
C)   excited and inhibited, respectively.
D)   inhibited and excited, respectively.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Increases and decreases of the heart rate result from changes in the activity of the

Accepted Answer

A)   corpus callosum.
B)   medulla oblongata.
C)   thalamus.
D)   pituitary.
E)   cerebellum.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty

Accepted Answer

A)   coordinating limb movement.
B)   generating speech.
C)   recognizing faces.
D)   understanding language.
E)   experiencing emotion.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in the

Accepted Answer

A)   gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord.
B)   white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord
C)   gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord.
D)   white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord
E)   all areas of the brain and spinal cord.F) C) and E)
G) None of the above D

Question 14

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
 
-In the figure, which letter points to the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D
E)   EF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydra.
B)   cnidarians.
C)   Planaria.
D)   sea stars.
E)   invertebrate animals with radial symmetry.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

The stretch receptors of the sensory neurons in the human knee-jerk reflex are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrocnemius muscle, in the calf.
B)   cartilage of the knee.
C)   quadriceps, the flexor muscles on the ventral side of the thighs.
D)   hamstring, the extensor muscles on the dorsal side of the thighs.
E)   brain, the sensorimotor relay.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 17

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Accepted Answer

A)   cerebrum.
B)   cerebellum.
C)   thalamus.
D)   hypothalamus.
E)   medulla oblongata.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Afferent neuronal systems include the

Accepted Answer

A)   sensory systems.
B)   peripheral nervous system.
C)   autonomic nervous system.
D)   parasympathetic nervous system.
E)   sympathetic nervous system.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 19

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)   thalamus.
B)   hypothalamus.
C)   epithalamus.
D)   amygdala.
E)   Broca's area.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Accepted Answer

A)   the left frontal lobe
B)   the right frontal lobe
C)   the left parietal lobe
D)   the right parietal lobe
E)   the corpus callosumF) C) and D)
G) A) and B) D

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

An amino acid neurotransmitter that operates at inhibitory synapses in the brain is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood-brain barrier

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The system that modulates excitation and inhibition of smooth and cardiac muscles of the digestive, cardiovascular, and excretory systems is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cerebral cortex plays a major role in all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wakefulness is regulated by the reticular formation, which is present in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a cephalized invertebrate, the system that transmits "efferent" impulses from the anterior ganglion to distal segments is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Exercise and emergency reactions include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cranial nerves originate in the brain and are thus part of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the human knee-jerk reflex, as the calf is raised from the vertical toward the horizontal, the muscles of the quadriceps (flexors on the ventral side of the thighs) and the muscles of the hamstring (extensors on the dorsal side of the thighs) are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increases and decreases of the heart rate result from changes in the activity of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with damage to Wernicke's area have difficulty

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in the

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the thalamus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stretch receptors of the sensory neurons in the human knee-jerk reflex are located in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Afferent neuronal systems include the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After suffering a stroke, a patient can see objects anywhere in front of him but pays attention only to objects in his right field of vision. When asked to describe these objects, he has difficulty judging their size and distance. What part of the brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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C

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D

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D