Question 1

In which pair of aldohexoses do the monosaccharides differ from each other by the position of a single hydroxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)   D-allose and D-altrose
B)   D-altrose and D-glucose
C)   D-allose and D-mannose
D)   D-mannose and D-idoseE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Who proposed the ring or cyclic structures of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)   E. Fischer
B)   W. Haworth
C)   L. Pauling
D)   L. PasteurE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which carbon atom becomes an anomeric carbon when ribose adopts a furanose structure?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon 1
B)   carbon 2
C)   carbon 5
D)   carbon 6E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which carbon is the site of reaction when glucose reacts with an alcohol to form a glycoside?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon 1
B)   carbon 2
C)   carbon 5
D)   carbon 6E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

In the cyclic structure of fructose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the furanose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon 1 and carbon 5
B)   carbon 1 and carbon 6
C)   carbon 2 and carbon 5
D)   carbon 2 and carbon 6E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

What is an anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)   the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide
B)   the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a monosaccharide
C)   the acetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharide
D)   the hemiacetal carbon of the cyclic form of a disaccharideE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Identify a membrane-bound carbohydrate that functions as a biochemical marker in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)   D-idose
B)   L-fucose
C)   D-psicose
D)   L-glucoseE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which statement is true of a solution containing an equilibrium mixture of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)   The solution contains a larger percentage of the β anomer than the α anomer.
B)   The solution does not show optical activity.
C)   Both of these statements are correct.
D)   Neither of these statements is correct.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which of the following polysaccharides is structurally similar to glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   amylopectin
B)   amylose
C)   cellulose
D)   none of theseE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 10

To which of the following does galactosemia belong?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial diseases
B)   viral diseases
C)   genetic disorders
D)   lifestyle disordersE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following polysaccharides has only α-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)   cellulose
B)   amylose
C)   glycogen
D)   none of theseE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of a ketohexose?

Accepted Answer

A)   three
B)   four
C)   five
D)   sixE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the A antigens of type A blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
B)   D-galactose
C)   Both N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose
D)   Neither N-acetyl-D-galactosamine nor D-galactoseE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   E) A) and B)
F) B) and D) A

Question 15

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of L-glyceraldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   E) All of the above
F) C) and D) B

Question 16

What is the physiological role of the enzyme whose deficiency causes galactosemia?

Accepted Answer

A)   It converts D-galactose to lactose.
B)   It converts D-galactose to fructose.
C)   It converts D-galactose to glucose.
D)   It converts D-galactose to sucrose.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

In the cyclic structure of glucose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the pyranose ring?

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon 1 and carbon 5
B)   carbon 1 and carbon 6
C)   carbon 2 and carbon 5
D)   carbon 2 and carbon 6E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

How does heparin prevent the coagulation of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   It enhances the production of platelets.
B)   Its basic nature helps denature the proteins in blood clots.
C)   It binds to antithrombin III, a protein involved in terminating blood clotting.
D)   It decreases the production of red blood cells in the body.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

How many monosaccharide units are present in an oligosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A)   between 3 and 5
B)   between 6 and 10
C)   between 11 and 15
D)   between 15 and 20E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses?

Accepted Answer

A)   Under acidic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with enediols that get reduced by the reducing agent.
B)   Under basic conditions, they exist in equilibrium with aldoses that are oxidized by the oxidizing agent.
C)   Both of these statements explain the reducing nature of 2-ketoses.
D)   Neither of these statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Exam 19: Carbohydrates

In which pair of aldohexoses do the monosaccharides differ from each other by the position of a single hydroxyl group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who proposed the ring or cyclic structures of monosaccharides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which carbon atom becomes an anomeric carbon when ribose adopts a furanose structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which carbon is the site of reaction when glucose reacts with an alcohol to form a glycoside?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the cyclic structure of fructose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the furanose ring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an anomeric carbon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a membrane-bound carbohydrate that functions as a biochemical marker in animals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is true of a solution containing an equilibrium mixture of α-D-glucose and β-D-glucose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following polysaccharides is structurally similar to glycogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To which of the following does galactosemia belong?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following polysaccharides has only α-1,4-glycosidic bonds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many chiral carbons are present in the open-chain form of a ketohexose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following membrane-bound carbohydrates is found in the A antigens of type A blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of D-glyceraldehyde?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is the Fischer projection of L-glyceraldehyde?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What is the physiological role of the enzyme whose deficiency causes galactosemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the cyclic structure of glucose, which carbon atoms are connected to the oxygen atom of the pyranose ring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does heparin prevent the coagulation of blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many monosaccharide units are present in an oligosaccharide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements explains the reducing nature of 2-ketoses?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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A

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B