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For the equilibrium A2(g) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   2A(g) , if a sample of A2(g) is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between Kc and time as equilibrium is established?


A) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) For the equilibrium A<sub>2</sub>(g)    2A(g) , if a sample of A<sub>2</sub>(g)  is placed in a sealed container and allowed to come to equilibrium, which graph best represents the relationship between K<sub>c</sub> and time as equilibrium is established? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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5.00 mol of ammonia are introduced into a 5.00-L reactor vessel in which it partially dissociates at high temperatures. 2NH3(g) 5.00 mol of ammonia are introduced into a 5.00-L reactor vessel in which it partially dissociates at high temperatures. 2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)   3H<sub>2</sub>(g) + N<sub>2</sub>(g) At equilibrium at a particular temperature, 1.00 mole of ammonia remains. Calculate K<sub>c</sub> for the reaction. 3H2(g) + N2(g) At equilibrium at a particular temperature, 1.00 mole of ammonia remains. Calculate Kc for the reaction.

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Phosgene, COCl2, a poisonous gas, decomposes as follows. COCl2(g) Phosgene, COCl<sub>2</sub>, a poisonous gas, decomposes as follows. COCl<sub>2</sub>(g)    CO(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) . At 900.ºC, K<sub>c</sub> = 0.083. What is K<sub>P</sub> at this temperature? (R = 0.08206 L • atm/K • mol)  A)  0.125 B)  8.0 C)  6.1 D)  0.16 E)  0.083 CO(g) + Cl2(g) . At 900.ºC, Kc = 0.083. What is KP at this temperature? (R = 0.08206 L • atm/K • mol)


A) 0.125
B) 8.0
C) 6.1
D) 0.16
E) 0.083

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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A container was charged with hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia gases at 120°C and the system was allowed to reach equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the container is increased at constant temperature? 3H2(g) + N2(g) A container was charged with hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia gases at 120°C and the system was allowed to reach equilibrium. What will happen if the volume of the container is increased at constant temperature? 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + N<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NH<sub>3</sub>(g)  A)  There will be no effect. B)  More ammonia will be produced at the expense of hydrogen and nitrogen. C)  Hydrogen and nitrogen will be produced at the expense of ammonia. D)  The equilibrium constant will increase. E)  The equilibrium constant will decrease. 2NH3(g)


A) There will be no effect.
B) More ammonia will be produced at the expense of hydrogen and nitrogen.
C) Hydrogen and nitrogen will be produced at the expense of ammonia.
D) The equilibrium constant will increase.
E) The equilibrium constant will decrease.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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At 400ºC, Kc = 64 for the equilibrium H2(g) + I2(g) At 400ºC, K<sub>c</sub> = 64 for the equilibrium H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + I<sub>2</sub>(g)    2HI(g) . If 3.00 mol H<sub>2</sub> and 3.00 mol I<sub>2</sub> are introduced into an empty 4.0-L vessel, what is the equilibrium concentration of HI at 400ºC? A)  0.15 M B)  1.2 M C)  2.4 M D)  4.8 M E)  5.8 M 2HI(g) . If 3.00 mol H2 and 3.00 mol I2 are introduced into an empty 4.0-L vessel, what is the equilibrium concentration of HI at 400ºC?


A) 0.15 M
B) 1.2 M
C) 2.4 M
D) 4.8 M
E) 5.8 M

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Consider the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) Consider the reaction N<sub>2</sub>(g) + 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)   2NH<sub>3</sub>(g). If nitrogen is added to the system at equilibrium, what will happen to the ammonia concentration? 2NH3(g). If nitrogen is added to the system at equilibrium, what will happen to the ammonia concentration?

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The ammoni...

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For the reaction 2X(g) + Y(g) For the reaction 2X(g)  + Y(g)    2Z(g) , K<sub>c</sub> = 1.00 ×10<sup>3</sup> at 500 K. If at equilibrium the concentration of X is 0.20 M and the concentration of Y is 0.50 M, what is the equilibrium concentration of Z? A)  2.2 M B)  3.2 M C)  3.5 M D)  4.5 M E)  7.1 M 2Z(g) , Kc = 1.00 ×103 at 500 K. If at equilibrium the concentration of X is 0.20 M and the concentration of Y is 0.50 M, what is the equilibrium concentration of Z?


A) 2.2 M
B) 3.2 M
C) 3.5 M
D) 4.5 M
E) 7.1 M

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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For the nitrogen fixation reaction, 3H2(g) + N2(g) For the nitrogen fixation reaction, 3H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + N<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NH<sub>3</sub>(g) , K<sub>c</sub> = 6.0 × 10<sup>-2</sup> at 500°C. If 0.250 M H<sub>2</sub> and 0.050 M NH<sub>3</sub> are present at equilibrium, what is the equilibrium concentration of N<sub>2</sub>? A)  3.3 M B)  2.7 M C)  0.20 M D)  0.083 M E)  0.058 M 2NH3(g) , Kc = 6.0 × 10-2 at 500°C. If 0.250 M H2 and 0.050 M NH3 are present at equilibrium, what is the equilibrium concentration of N2?


A) 3.3 M
B) 2.7 M
C) 0.20 M
D) 0.083 M
E) 0.058 M

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) decomposes at elevated temperatures according to the equation 2NOCl(g) Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl)  decomposes at elevated temperatures according to the equation 2NOCl(g)    2NO(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) . What is K<sub>P</sub> for this reaction at 227°C? For this reaction ΔH° = 81.2 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 128 J/K • mol. (R = 8.314 J/K • mol)  A)  1.60 × 10<sup>-2</sup> B)  2.10 × 10<sup>-7</sup> C)  62.8 D)  4.90 × 10<sup>6</sup> E)  3.20 × 10<sup>9</sup> 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) . What is KP for this reaction at 227°C? For this reaction ΔH° = 81.2 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 128 J/K • mol. (R = 8.314 J/K • mol)


A) 1.60 × 10-2
B) 2.10 × 10-7
C) 62.8
D) 4.90 × 106
E) 3.20 × 109

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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The reaction 2H2O2(g) The reaction 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  is exothermic, ΔHº<sub>rxn </sub>=<sub> </sub>-210 kJ/mol. Which one of the following is correct? A)  K<sub>P</sub> at 800 K is smaller than K<sub>P</sub> at 1200 K. B)  Temperature does not affect K<sub>P</sub> C)  K<sub>P</sub> depends only on the pressure. D)  K<sub>P</sub> at 1200 K is smaller than K<sub>P</sub> at 800 K. E)  K<sub>P</sub> depends on total pressure as well as temperature. 2H2O(g) + O2(g) is exothermic, ΔHºrxn = -210 kJ/mol. Which one of the following is correct?


A) KP at 800 K is smaller than KP at 1200 K.
B) Temperature does not affect KP
C) KP depends only on the pressure.
D) KP at 1200 K is smaller than KP at 800 K.
E) KP depends on total pressure as well as temperature.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Changing the amount of reactant or product in an equilibrium reaction will always change the equilibrium position, regardless of the physical state of the substance involved.

A) True
B) False

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During a chemical reaction, what defines when the concentrations of the reactants and products reach a constant level?


A) Elementary process
B) Reversible reaction
C) Rate law
D) Rate constant
E) Equilibrium

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g) Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g)  + I<sub>2</sub>(g) , for which K<sub>c</sub> = 0.0156 at 400ºC. Suppose 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC. What is the concentration of H<sub>2</sub> at equilibrium? A)  0.275 M B)  0.138 M C)  0.0275 M D)  0.0550 M E)  0.220 M H2(g) + I2(g) , for which Kc = 0.0156 at 400ºC. Suppose 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC. What is the concentration of H2 at equilibrium?


A) 0.275 M
B) 0.138 M
C) 0.0275 M
D) 0.0550 M
E) 0.220 M

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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At what temperature is KP = 4.00 for the reaction N2O4(g) At what temperature is K<sub>P</sub> = 4.00 for the reaction N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)    2NO<sub>2</sub>(g) ?   (R = 8.314 J/K • mol)  A)  197°C B)  56°C C)  36°C D)  79°C E)  476°C 2NO2(g) ? At what temperature is K<sub>P</sub> = 4.00 for the reaction N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(g)    2NO<sub>2</sub>(g) ?   (R = 8.314 J/K • mol)  A)  197°C B)  56°C C)  36°C D)  79°C E)  476°C (R = 8.314 J/K • mol)


A) 197°C
B) 56°C
C) 36°C
D) 79°C
E) 476°C

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Consider the reaction N2(g) + O2(g) Consider the reaction N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g) , for which K<sub>c</sub> = 0.10 at 2000ºC. Starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 M for N<sub>2</sub> and 0.040 M for O<sub>2</sub> what is the equilibrium concentration of NO? A)  0.0096 M B)  0.011 M C)  0.019 M D)  0.080 M E)  0.10 M 2NO(g) , for which Kc = 0.10 at 2000ºC. Starting with initial concentrations of 0.040 M for N2 and 0.040 M for O2 what is the equilibrium concentration of NO?


A) 0.0096 M
B) 0.011 M
C) 0.019 M
D) 0.080 M
E) 0.10 M

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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For the reaction 2NOCl(g) For the reaction 2NOCl(g)    2NO(g)  + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) , K<sub>c</sub> = 8.0 at a certain temperature. What concentration of NOCl must be put into an empty 4.00 - reaction vessel in order that the equilibrium concentration of NOCl is 1.00 M? A)  1.26 M B)  2.25 M C)  2.50 M D)  3.52 M E)  11.0 M 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) , Kc = 8.0 at a certain temperature. What concentration of NOCl must be put into an empty 4.00 - reaction vessel in order that the equilibrium concentration of NOCl is 1.00 M?


A) 1.26 M
B) 2.25 M
C) 2.50 M
D) 3.52 M
E) 11.0 M

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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When a reaction reaches ________, the concentration of the reactants and products will no longer change.

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Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N2(g) + O2(g) Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N<sub>2</sub>(g)  + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  The equilibrium constant K<sub>P</sub> for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C. If a container is charged with 8.00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, what will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen? A)  0.15 atm B)  0.31 atm C)  3.08 atm D)  7.69 atm E)  7.85 atm 2NO(g) The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C. If a container is charged with 8.00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, what will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen?


A) 0.15 atm
B) 0.31 atm
C) 3.08 atm
D) 7.69 atm
E) 7.85 atm

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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The following reactions occur at 500 K. Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . The following reactions occur at 500 K. Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) .   A)  2 < 1 < 3 < 4 B)  3 < 1 < 4 < 2 C)  3 < 4 < 1 < 2 D)  4 < 3 < 2 < 1 E)  4 < 3 < 1 < 2


A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4
B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2
C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2
D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1
E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which equation is correct?


A) ΔG = ΔG° - RT logKeq
B) ΔG = ΔG° + RT lnQ
C) ΔG = RT lnQ
D) ΔG = -RT logQ
E) ΔG = -RT logKeq

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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