Question 1

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Accepted Answer

The negative charge serves to repel nucleophilic species such as OH^-. Thus, the phosphodiester linkage is more stable because it is more resistant to hydrolytic cleavage.

Question 2

Which molecules that are produced during transcription carry information for use as a template during translation?

Accepted Answer

A)   mRNA
B)   tRNA
C)   rRNA
D)   snRNA
E)   DNAF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA nucleotide
B)   mRNA nucleotide
C)   tRNA nucleotide
D)   rRNA nucleotide
E)   amino acidF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

A noncoding region within a gene is known as a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   intron
B)   exon
C)   missense region
D)   split gene
E)   None of the answers is correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B) A

Question 5

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   replication
B)   transcription
C)   translation
D)   gene expression
E)   All of the answers are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Each amino acid residue in a protein is encoded by a set of three bases in an mRNA referred to collectively as a(n) __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each amino acid residue in a protein...

Question 7

The genetic code is not universal. Where are exceptions found?

Accepted Answer

Exceptions are found in severa...

Question 8

Draw how the dNTP is added to a DNA strand at the 3' end.

Accepted Answer

The drawing should indicate cl...

Question 9

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

Accepted Answer

Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in the presence of ¹⁵N, or "heavy" nitrogen. They rapidly replaced the ¹⁵N media with ¹⁴N, or light nitrogen. DNA was extracted at various time intervals during the growth of the bacteria, representing different stages of replication (generations). They examined the DNA using density-gradient equilibrium sedimentation and observed that no "heavy" DNA was present in the first generation but that the DNA was intermediate between light and heavy. After the second generation, there were equal amounts of intermediate and light. This confirmed that one strand of the parent DNA is present in each daughter strand of replicated DNA.

Question 10

What is an advantage of codon degeneracy?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the third position often have...

Question 11

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Accepted Answer

The DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri...

Question 12

The technique(s)  used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Accepted Answer

A)   absorbance spectrophotometry.
B)   electron microscopy.
C)   x-ray diffraction.
D)   All of the answers are correct.
E)   None of the answers is correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 13

In bacterial mRNA, the initiating AUG codon is preceded several nucleotides away by a purine-rich sequence called the __________________ , which base-pairs with a complementary sequence in an rRNA.

Accepted Answer

Shine-Dalg...

Question 14

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

Accepted Answer

<img  loading="lazy" src="/assets/images/blured-textbook.svg" class="d-inline m-1" alt="blured image" width="139" height="30"> The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link...

Question 15

__________________ is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell.

Accepted Answer

Ribosomal ...

Question 16

Which of the following is correct concerning the adaptor molecule tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   tRNA contains an anticodon sequence that serves as the template recognition site.
B)   The amino acid is attached to the 5' end of tRNA.
C)   tRNA contains a poly A tail at the 3' end.
D)   tRNA is the largest RNA in the cell.
E)   tRNA serves as the gene in some viruses.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 17

In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the CCA sequence at the _________ end of the tRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid...

Question 18

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Accepted Answer

reverse tr...

Question 19

The advantage(s)  to having most genes of higher eukaryotes, such as birds and mammals, be split include

Accepted Answer

A)   the potential for generating related proteins.
B)   the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site) .
C)   the resistance to mutation.
D)   the potential for generating related proteins and the preservation of functional units (e.g. catalytic site) .
E)   None of the answers is correct.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

What are two features of mature eukaryotic mRNA that are unique as compared to prokaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic mRNA has ...

Exam 4: DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Correct Answer
verified
The negative charge serves to repel nucleophilic species such as OH^-. Thus, the phosphodiester linkage is more stable because it is more resistant to hydrolytic cleavage.

Which molecules that are produced during transcription carry information for use as a template during translation?

Correct Answer
verified

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Correct Answer
verified

A noncoding region within a gene is known as a _____.

Correct Answer
verified
A

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Each amino acid residue in a protein is encoded by a set of three bases in an mRNA referred to collectively as a(n) __________________.

Correct Answer
verified

The genetic code is not universal. Where are exceptions found?

Correct Answer
verified
Exceptions are found in severa...
View Answer

Draw how the dNTP is added to a DNA strand at the 3' end.

Correct Answer
verified
The drawing should indicate cl...
View Answer

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

What is an advantage of codon degeneracy?

Correct Answer
verified
Changes in the third position often have...
View Answer

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Correct Answer
verified
The DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri...
View Answer

The technique(s) used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Correct Answer
verified

In bacterial mRNA, the initiating AUG codon is preceded several nucleotides away by a purine-rich sequence called the __________________ , which base-pairs with a complementary sequence in an rRNA.

Correct Answer
verified
Shine-Dalg...
View Answer

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

Correct Answer
verified
The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link...
View Answer

__________________ is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell.

Correct Answer
verified
Ribosomal ...
View Answer

Which of the following is correct concerning the adaptor molecule tRNA?

Correct Answer
verified

In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the CCA sequence at the _________ end of the tRNA.

Correct Answer
verified

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Correct Answer
verified
reverse tr...
View Answer

The advantage(s) to having most genes of higher eukaryotes, such as birds and mammals, be split include

Correct Answer
verified

What are two features of mature eukaryotic mRNA that are unique as compared to prokaryotic mRNA?

Correct Answer
verified
Eukaryotic mRNA has ...
View Answer

Exam 4: DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

What advantage do phosphodiesters have compared to other esters?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe negative charge serves to repel nucleophilic species such as OH-. Thus, the phosphodiester linkage is more stable because it is more resistant to hydrolytic cleavage.

Which molecules that are produced during transcription carry information for use as a template during translation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each three-base codon encodes a specific _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A noncoding region within a gene is known as a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each amino acid residue in a protein is encoded by a set of three bases in an mRNA referred to collectively as a(n) __________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The genetic code is not universal. Where are exceptions found?

Correct AnswerverifiedExceptions are found in severa...View AnswerShow Answer

Draw how the dNTP is added to a DNA strand at the 3' end.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe drawing should indicate cl...View AnswerShow Answer

Briefly describe the Meselson and Stahl experiment that indicated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

What is an advantage of codon degeneracy?

Correct AnswerverifiedChanges in the third position often have...View AnswerShow Answer

Describe the DNA helix proposed by Watson and Crick.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri...View AnswerShow Answer

The technique(s) used by Franklin and Wilkins to deduce the structure of DNA was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In bacterial mRNA, the initiating AUG codon is preceded several nucleotides away by a purine-rich sequence called the __________________ , which base-pairs with a complementary sequence in an rRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShine-Dalg...View AnswerShow Answer

Draw two nucleotides in DNA showing the linkage between the sugars.

Correct Answerverified The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link...View AnswerShow Answer

__________________ is the most abundant type of RNA in a cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedRibosomal ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is correct concerning the adaptor molecule tRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an amino acyl-tRNA, the amino acid is attached to the CCA sequence at the _________ end of the tRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme that is capable of synthesizing DNA from an RNA template is __________________.

Correct Answerverifiedreverse tr...View AnswerShow Answer

The advantage(s) to having most genes of higher eukaryotes, such as birds and mammals, be split include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are two features of mature eukaryotic mRNA that are unique as compared to prokaryotic mRNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedEukaryotic mRNA has ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The negative charge serves to repel nucleophilic species such as OH^-. Thus, the phosphodiester linkage is more stable because it is more resistant to hydrolytic cleavage.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Exceptions are found in severa...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The drawing should indicate cl...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Changes in the third position often have...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The DNA model proposed by Watson and Cri...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Shine-Dalg...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
The 3' oxygen of one nucleotide is link...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Ribosomal ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
reverse tr...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Eukaryotic mRNA has ...
View Answer