Question 1

The use of fecal transplants has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with Clostridium difficile infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Vaginitis commonly results from overgrowth of

Accepted Answer

A)   Candida.
B)   Trichomonas vaginalis.
C)   Candida and Trichomonas vaginalis.
D)   Neither Candida nor Trichomonas vaginalis.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 3

What is the role of fecal transplants in medicine?

Accepted Answer

A)   They can provide a healthy microbiota to help treat Clostridium difficle infections.
B)   They act as prebiotics to encourage healthy microbial growth.
C)   They remove the unhealthy microbes, allow the individual an opportunity to have recolonization by non-pathogens ingested with food.
D)   They can be used to treat infections caused by the overgrowth of Lactobacilli.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

More frequent cases of severe C. difficile infection since 2003 is attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)   the emergence of more virulent and toxigenic strains.
B)   the increased use of probiotics.
C)   problems with hospital hygiene and increased transmission.
D)   dietary changes in the human population.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

The human microbiome contains all

Accepted Answer

A)   organisms present on the skin.
B)   organisms within the digestive system.
C)   organisms present in and on the body.
D)   organisms present on the skin or in the digestive system only.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)   The population size is low, but the diversity is high.
B)   They produce and excrete amino acids.
C)   They help catabolize polysaccharides.
D)   They are involved in the "maturing" of the digestive tract.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Biofilms in the human mouth primarily contain pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is the genus represented by the greatest diversity of phylotypes on the skin?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacteriodes
B)   Firmicutes
C)   Actinobacteria
D)   ProteobacteriaE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Infants born via C-section have

Accepted Answer

A)   fewer Bacteriodes species than those born vaginally.
B)   approximately 72% of the species present matching those of their mothers.
C)   relatively less Staphylococcus aureus than those born vaginally.
D)   fewer Haemophilus influenzae than those born vaginally.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the interaction between hormones and vaginal microbial diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is a direct relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity.
B)   There is an inverse relationship between estradiol levels and microbial diversity.
C)   There is a direct relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity.
D)   There is an inverse relationship between luteinizing hormone levels and microbial diversity.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The upper respiratory tract usually has a considerable amount of resident microflora in a healthy adult.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The host-microbiome supraorganism refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the human body and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces.
B)   a nonhuman animal and all of the microbes found within it, but not those on the external surfaces.
C)   a human body and all of its commensal microbes.
D)   a body and all of its associated microbes.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea can be found on the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Common probiotics include

Accepted Answer

A)   Bifidobacterium species.
B)   Clostridium species.
C)   Escherichia coli.
D)   Corynebacterium species.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of inflammatory bowel syndromes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Based upon microbiome projects, the dominant microbial species on the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)   Corynebacterium species.
B)   Streptococcus species.
C)   Staphylococcus species.
D)   Propionibacterium species.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

Accepted Answer

Each organ differs chemically ...

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between the mouse gut and the human gut?

Accepted Answer

A)   The stomach is relatively larger in mice.
B)   The colon and cecum are relatively larger in mice.
C)   The small intestine is relatively larger in mice.
D)   The esophagus and stomach are relatively larger in mice.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

What bacteria are important in the human gut and what evidence do we have that specific bacteria present are important for human health?

Accepted Answer

Important phyla in the human gut are Fir...

Question 20

Normal microbiota is usually found in the blood, lymph, and nervous systems of the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 24: Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Based upon microbiome projects, the dominant microbial species on the skin is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

More frequent cases of severe C. difficile infection since 2003 is attributed to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Common probiotics include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea can be found on the skin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the interaction between hormones and vaginal microbial diversity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human microbiome contains all

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the role of fecal transplants in medicine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The upper respiratory tract usually has a considerable amount of resident microflora in a healthy adult.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What bacteria are important in the human gut and what evidence do we have that specific bacteria present are important for human health?

Correct AnswerverifiedImportant phyla in the human gut are Fir...View AnswerShow Answer

Infants born via C-section have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vaginitis commonly results from overgrowth of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The host-microbiome supraorganism refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are examples of inflammatory bowel syndromes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of fecal transplants has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with Clostridium difficile infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the genus represented by the greatest diversity of phylotypes on the skin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal microbiota is usually found in the blood, lymph, and nervous systems of the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Biofilms in the human mouth primarily contain pathogens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between the mouse gut and the human gut?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are some microorganisms specialized to only certain parts of the body? Describe an example that supports your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedEach organ differs chemically ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

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Important phyla in the human gut are Fir...
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Each organ differs chemically ...
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Correct Answer
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