Question 1

A researcher is required to get your 'informed consent' before you participate in a study.List two major requirements that he/she has to meet in order to do this correctly.

Accepted Answer

you have to be:
1) informed o...

Question 2

When should a researcher decide which statistical method to use to analyze their data (assuming there is more than one statistical method available) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before collecting the data.
B)  Once the data have been collected and summarized and the researcher can see what direction the results may take, then he/she needs to choose an analysis.
C)  Once the data have been collected, the researcher should try different analyses and select the one that gives them the most desirable results.
D)  None of the above.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Give two benefits of computer-assisted information collection (versus other methods).

Accepted Answer

1) more timely infor...

Question 4

Explain the ethical dilemma faced by a researcher when he/she is trying to determine what sample size to use in his/her study.

Accepted Answer

a sample size that is too large will ove...

Question 5

Explain why it would not be ethical to report the sample size of a survey without also reporting the percentage or number of people who responded to it.

Accepted Answer

the results are only based on ...

Question 6

Whether or not a study achieves statistical significance depends on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  The magnitude of whatever effect or relationship may actually exist.
B)  The size of the study.
C)  The power of the study to detect an effect that would result from the given sample size.
D)  All of the above.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

A board that all research institutions are required to maintain for oversight of research involving human and animal participants is called a(n) _______________ Board.

Accepted Answer

institutio...

Question 8

How can the 'experimenter effect' be minimized?

Accepted Answer

A)  Third-party randomization.
B)  Double-blind procedures.
C)  A standard protocol for the treatment of all participants that must be strictly followed.
D)  All of the above.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

__________ is one of the pressures that can mislead a researcher to weaken their conclusions more than is justified.(Note this is unethical, yet it happens sometimes.)

Accepted Answer

any reasonable answer ok.Examp...

Question 10

Which of the following would not fall under the requirements of informed consent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telling participants about any foreseeable discomfort or pain that might be involved.
B)  Telling participants which of the drug treatments they will receive before the experiment begins.
C)  Telling participants they have a right to withdraw from a study once it has started.
D)  All of the above statements fall under the requirements of informed consent.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Suppose a researcher conducts 100 hypothesis tests on her large data set and reports on the five results that were found to be significant, but doesn't inform the reader about the other 95 tests that were done.Is there a problem with this? Explain why or why not.

Accepted Answer

yes.either of the following Reasons IS o...

Question 12

Running multiple tests on the same data set at the same stage of an analysis __________ (choose from: increases, decreases, doesn't affect) the chance of obtaining at least one invalid result.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Running multiple tests on the same data...

Question 13

Name two ways in which statistical results can be unfairly reported by researchers or the media.

Accepted Answer

any reasonable answers ok.examples: 
1) statistical versus practical significance
2) multiple hypothesis tests but selective reporting of results
3) making stronger or weaker conclusions than are justified.

Question 14

How is it possible that two different statistical analyses of the same data set can produce different results and more importantly, different conclusions?

Accepted Answer

any reasonable answer ok.Examples: 
1) perhaps one or both of the analyses were inappropriate for the data
2) the assumptions or conditions were not met
3) one analysis was more powerful than the other.

Question 15

When should a researcher decide whether an alternative hypothesis should be one-sided or two-sided?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before collecting the data.
B)  While the data are being collected, and a pattern begins to emerge.
C)  After the data have been collected and the researcher has had a chance to summarize them to see what direction the results may take.
D)  No single rule will apply to all situations; each one is different.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The 'experimenter effect' can __________the results of a study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The 'experimenter effect' can __________the results of...

Question 17

Name three things that psychologists are supposed to inform participants about when obtaining informed consent, according to the American Psychological Association's code of ethics.

Accepted Answer

many possible answers, including any three of the following: 
1) the purpose of the research
2) the procedures to be used
3) the duration
4) potential risks, discomfort, or adverse effects
5) their right to decline or terminate participation; 6) foreseeable consequences of withdrawing
7) foreseeable research benefits
8) limits of confidentiality
9) incentives for participation
10) whom to contact regarding their rights (and the rights of the researcher).

Question 18

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and conditions are not very carefully controlled, it is quite likely that the researcher will influence the outcome.This is called the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher has a desired outcome...

Question 19

Name a situation where the quality of data becomes an ethical issue.

Accepted Answer

either of the following is ok:
1) when ...

Question 20

What is 'data snooping' and why is it a practice to be avoided?

Accepted Answer

analyzing the same data using ...

Exam 26: Ethics in Statistical Studies

A researcher is required to get your 'informed consent' before you participate in a study.List two major requirements that he/she has to meet in order to do this correctly.

Correct Answer
verified
you have to be:
1) informed o...
View Answer

When should a researcher decide which statistical method to use to analyze their data (assuming there is more than one statistical method available) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Give two benefits of computer-assisted information collection (versus other methods).

Correct Answer
verified
1) more timely infor...
View Answer

Explain the ethical dilemma faced by a researcher when he/she is trying to determine what sample size to use in his/her study.

Correct Answer
verified
a sample size that is too large will ove...
View Answer

Explain why it would not be ethical to report the sample size of a survey without also reporting the percentage or number of people who responded to it.

Correct Answer
verified
the results are only based on ...
View Answer

Whether or not a study achieves statistical significance depends on which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

A board that all research institutions are required to maintain for oversight of research involving human and animal participants is called a(n) _______________ Board.

Correct Answer
verified
institutio...
View Answer

How can the 'experimenter effect' be minimized?

Correct Answer
verified

__________ is one of the pressures that can mislead a researcher to weaken their conclusions more than is justified.(Note this is unethical, yet it happens sometimes.)

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answer ok.Examp...
View Answer

Which of the following would not fall under the requirements of informed consent?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose a researcher conducts 100 hypothesis tests on her large data set and reports on the five results that were found to be significant, but doesn't inform the reader about the other 95 tests that were done.Is there a problem with this? Explain why or why not.

Correct Answer
verified
yes.either of the following Reasons IS o...
View Answer

Running multiple tests on the same data set at the same stage of an analysis __________ (choose from: increases, decreases, doesn't affect) the chance of obtaining at least one invalid result.

Correct Answer
verified

Name two ways in which statistical results can be unfairly reported by researchers or the media.

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answers ok.examples: 1) statistical versus practical significance 2) multiple hypothesis tests but selective reporting of results 3) making stronger or weaker conclusions than are justified.

How is it possible that two different statistical analyses of the same data set can produce different results and more importantly, different conclusions?

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answer ok.Examples: 1) perhaps one or both of the analyses were inappropriate for the data 2) the assumptions or conditions were not met 3) one analysis was more powerful than the other.

When should a researcher decide whether an alternative hypothesis should be one-sided or two-sided?

Correct Answer
verified

The 'experimenter effect' can __________the results of a study.

Correct Answer
verified

Name three things that psychologists are supposed to inform participants about when obtaining informed consent, according to the American Psychological Association's code of ethics.

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and conditions are not very carefully controlled, it is quite likely that the researcher will influence the outcome.This is called the __________ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

Name a situation where the quality of data becomes an ethical issue.

Correct Answer
verified
either of the following is ok:
1) when ...
View Answer

What is 'data snooping' and why is it a practice to be avoided?

Correct Answer
verified
analyzing the same data using ...
View Answer

Exam 26: Ethics in Statistical Studies

A researcher is required to get your 'informed consent' before you participate in a study.List two major requirements that he/she has to meet in order to do this correctly.

Correct Answerverifiedyou have to be: 1) informed o...View AnswerShow Answer

When should a researcher decide which statistical method to use to analyze their data (assuming there is more than one statistical method available) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give two benefits of computer-assisted information collection (versus other methods).

Correct Answerverified1) more timely infor...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain the ethical dilemma faced by a researcher when he/she is trying to determine what sample size to use in his/her study.

Correct Answerverifieda sample size that is too large will ove...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain why it would not be ethical to report the sample size of a survey without also reporting the percentage or number of people who responded to it.

Correct Answerverifiedthe results are only based on ...View AnswerShow Answer

Whether or not a study achieves statistical significance depends on which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A board that all research institutions are required to maintain for oversight of research involving human and animal participants is called a(n) _______________ Board.

Correct Answerverifiedinstitutio...View AnswerShow Answer

How can the 'experimenter effect' be minimized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is one of the pressures that can mislead a researcher to weaken their conclusions more than is justified.(Note this is unethical, yet it happens sometimes.)

Correct Answerverifiedany reasonable answer ok.Examp...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following would not fall under the requirements of informed consent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose a researcher conducts 100 hypothesis tests on her large data set and reports on the five results that were found to be significant, but doesn't inform the reader about the other 95 tests that were done.Is there a problem with this? Explain why or why not.

Correct Answerverifiedyes.either of the following Reasons IS o...View AnswerShow Answer

Running multiple tests on the same data set at the same stage of an analysis __________ (choose from: increases, decreases, doesn't affect) the chance of obtaining at least one invalid result.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name two ways in which statistical results can be unfairly reported by researchers or the media.

Correct Answerverifiedany reasonable answers ok.examples: 1) statistical versus practical significance 2) multiple hypothesis tests but selective reporting of results 3) making stronger or weaker conclusions than are justified.

How is it possible that two different statistical analyses of the same data set can produce different results and more importantly, different conclusions?

Correct Answerverifiedany reasonable answer ok.Examples: 1) perhaps one or both of the analyses were inappropriate for the data 2) the assumptions or conditions were not met 3) one analysis was more powerful than the other.

When should a researcher decide whether an alternative hypothesis should be one-sided or two-sided?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 'experimenter effect' can __________the results of a study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name three things that psychologists are supposed to inform participants about when obtaining informed consent, according to the American Psychological Association's code of ethics.

If a researcher has a desired outcome for a study and conditions are not very carefully controlled, it is quite likely that the researcher will influence the outcome.This is called the __________ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name a situation where the quality of data becomes an ethical issue.

Correct Answerverifiedeither of the following is ok: 1) when ...View AnswerShow Answer

What is 'data snooping' and why is it a practice to be avoided?

Correct Answerverifiedanalyzing the same data using ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
you have to be:
1) informed o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
1) more timely infor...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
a sample size that is too large will ove...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
the results are only based on ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
institutio...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answer ok.Examp...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
yes.either of the following Reasons IS o...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answers ok.examples: 1) statistical versus practical significance 2) multiple hypothesis tests but selective reporting of results 3) making stronger or weaker conclusions than are justified.

Correct Answer
verified
any reasonable answer ok.Examples: 1) perhaps one or both of the analyses were inappropriate for the data 2) the assumptions or conditions were not met 3) one analysis was more powerful than the other.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
either of the following is ok:
1) when ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
analyzing the same data using ...
View Answer