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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 21

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The majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of _____ learning.

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Question 22

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If you find that you have more positive feelings toward a product after an attractive spokesperson gives you a free sample, your change in attitudes would be said to have resulted from ​

A) evaluative conditioning. ​
B) escape learning.
C) reflexive conditioning.
D) observational learning.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 23

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Escape conditioning is maintained by ​

Ratio schedules of reinforcement always relate to the ​

You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat is pressing the lever at a very high rate and does not stop, even when a food pellet is delivered. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely a _____ schedule.

A group of friends has just finished playing a violent video game for an hour. Which of the following would they be MOST likely to exhibit?

In higher-order conditioning, a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were a(n) _____ stimulus.

Recent research has shown that classical conditioning procedures can lead to _____, or a decrease in the production of antibodies.

The existence of biological constraints on learning such as preparedness and conditioned taste aversions reflects the unifying theme in psychology that ​

Pavlov became interested in conditioning when he observed laboratory dogs ​

If a child covers her ears when seeing fireworks, before hearing the sound of them, seeing the fireworks would be a(n) ​

When Skyler was first training his dog, Smooches, to heel he would give Smooches a treat when she stayed close during walks. Now Smooches stays right by Skyler's side, even when she is not on her leash. In this case, ​

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is ​

Which of the following results in the steadiest response rate?

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of a(n) _____ reinforcement schedule.

Conditioned taste aversions illustrate that an organism's biological heritage may place constraints on general learning processes. These phenomena add support to ​

Rafael's brother always says, "I'm going to get you," just before he hits Rafael. Alan's brother often says, "I'm going to get you," but doesn't always hit Alan afterwards. Based on the work by Rescorla, you should predict that when these boys hear the words, "I'm going to get you," Rafael will show a(n)

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate? ​

Kelly's parents always leave her with the same baby-sitter when they go out. Within minutes of the sitter's arrival, her parents are gone. Kelly's baby-sitter comes to her birthday party; as soon as Kelly sees her, she begins to cry. Using the principles of classical conditioning, explain why Kelly cried when she saw the baby-sitter.

Given the research findings in this chapter, explain how you would respond to your own children when they do things that you do but that you do not want them to mirror. When would you use positive reinforcement? When would you use punishment to teach them things? When would you use negative reinforcement? What kinds of reinforcement schedules would you use? (Be sure that you clearly differentiate between reinforcement and punishment, negative and positive reinforcement, and negative reinforcement and punishment.)