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A renewal stage in which obsolete housing is replaced and upgraded is known as:


A) gentrification.
B) turnover.
C) transition.
D) organization.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A

The condition that exists when people of wealth and poverty live in close proximity to one another is known as:


A) general strain.
B) anomie reaction.
C) negative stimuli reaction.
D) relative deprivation.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Discuss how poverty impacts children and minority groups.

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Children are the most likely of any grou...

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What are the three branches of social structure theory?


A) social learning theory, social disorganization theory, and cultural deviance theory
B) cultural deviance theory, deprivation theory, strain theory
C) cultural deviance theory, anomie theory, deprivation theory
D) social disorganization theory, strain theory, cultural deviance theory

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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_________ has been associated with income and wealth disparities, nonexistent employment opportunities, inferior housing patterns, and unequal access to health care. It occurs when the most disadvantaged population is consolidated in the most disorganized urban neighborhoods.

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Concentrat...

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Anomie is derived from the French word nomos , meaning "without feeling."

A) True
B) False

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___________, used by Shaw and McKay, broke the city of Chicago into distinctive zones to explain criminal behavior.

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Concentric...

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Cultural deviance theory focuses on which factor?


A) development of subcultures as a result of disorganization and strain
B) blocked opportunities for achieving status
C) poverty and unemployment
D) socialization processes inherent in the truly disadvantaged

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Social disorganization theory focuses on which of the following conditions in the urban environment?


A) age and ethnic differences
B) inadequate social control and deteriorated housing
C) frustration and stress levels
D) unequal distribution of wealth and power

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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In neighborhoods with high levels of collective efficacy, children are less likely to become involved with deviant peers and to engage in deviant behavior. Rather, kids use their wits to avoid violent confrontations and to feel safe. This concept is referred to as:


A) efficacy effect.
B) collective effect.
C) street efficacy.
D) culture savvy.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to Shaw and McKay, which of the following is false?


A) Individual differences are the root cause of crime.
B) Crime is a constant fixture in distressed areas regardless of racial or ethnic makeup.
C) Crime rates are sensitive to the destructive social forces operating in lower-class urban neighborhoods.
D) Community values, norms, and cohesiveness affect individual behavior choices.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Explain the ways individuals can adopt to anomie.

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The first mode of adaptation is conformi...

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A juvenile experiences the death of a parent or grandparent. Which type of strain did the youth experience, according to general strain theory?


A) achievement of positively valued goals
B) disjunction of expectations and achievements
C) removal of positively valued stimuli
D) presentation of negative stimuli

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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_________ are the unique value system that dominates life among the lower classes.

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The lowest social stratum in any society are referred to as the _______________________; these individuals usually lack the educational or necessary skills to function successfully in society.

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The social disorganization concepts articulated by Shaw and McKay have remained a prominent fixture of criminological scholarship for more than 75 years.

A) True
B) False

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True

According to Durkheim, crime is abnormal and a part  only OF societies that are based on inequality.

A) True
B) False

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In 1966, Oscar Lewis argued that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produce ____, which is/are passed from one generation to the next.


A) culture conflict
B) a culture of poverty
C) differential opportunity
D) behavior conflict

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Structural strain suggests that economic and social sources of strain shape collective human behavior.

A) True
B) False

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True

Gunnar Myrdal described a worldwide _________ that was cut off from society, its members lacking the education and skills needed to be effectively in demand in modern society.

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