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Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

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Question 41

Multiple Choice

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Which high-risk condition of pregnancy is treated using magnesium?

A) preeclampsia
B) spina bifida
C) hypomagnesemia
D) leukocytosis
E) thrombocytosis

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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Identify the major cation present in extracellular fluid.

A) sodium
B) calcium
C) chromium
D) potassium
E) cobalt

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Question 43

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What kind of tissue has the lowest percentage of water in the body?

What percentage of body fluid is in plasma?

When blood volume increases, _______________ also increases.

Vasopressin stimulates the resorption of the fluids in the tubules of the _______________, which increases blood volume and lowers blood osmolality.

Mr. M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5, requiring dialysis. His initial chemistry panel indicates he has low chloride, sodium, and calcium levels as well as high potassium and phosphorus levels. The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction. -The type of fluid involved in Mr. M's imbalance is:

What is the term for abnormal fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity (often due to liver disease) ?

The most common cause of hypovolemia is a decrease in urinary output such as that seen in acute liver failure.

Baroreceptors within blood vessels are stimulated by:

At birth, total body water accounts for approximately 75% of the infant's weight.

Vitamin D increases the absorption of _______________ in the small intestine.

Maintenance of fluid balance is significantly integrated with maintenance of _______________ balance.

Hypomagnesemia occurs during withdrawal from _______________.

How much fluid should an average adult consume each day under normal circumstances?

How much of the body's water is found within cells (intracellular fluid) ?

Which hormone stimulates the activation of vitamin D?

Describe the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.

Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit of _______________ or from abnormal vitamin _______________ metabolism.

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or hydraulic force.