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People who speak a foreign tongue and are often viewed as inferior by their more civilized neighbors are termed ____________________.

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The first use of the wheel by the Sumerians was probably for the purpose of


A) helping carry loads.
B) making pottery.
C) aiding in irrigation.
D) transport of people
E) making agriculture easier.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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It could be most accurately stated of Hammurabi's Code that


A) it was the first code of law ever drafted.
B) it did not deal extensively with family and social matters.
C) punishment depended upon the violator's rank in society.
D) it attempted to outlaw slavery.
E) it dealt exclusively with business matters.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Sumerian builders employed, as the basic structure of support, the ____________________ and ____________________ system.

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Which of the following would be most descriptive of Sumerian religion?


A) Their many gods were all male.
B) All gods were free of human characteristics.
C) Sumerian gods existed within a human imposed hierarchy.
D) Sumerian gods existed without intervening at all in human lives.
E) Sumerian religion has been described as paternalistic.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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C

The development of a system of writing was of greatest importance to the Sumerians for


A) allowing them to record important marriages.
B) helping them develop such writings as the Epic of Gilgamesh .
C) allowing them to have a clear version of past occurrences that various people could agree on.
D) recording the major events of their history.
E) helping them clarify the meanings of their pictographs.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Most slaves in Mesopotamia seem to have been


A) criminals.
B) debtors.
C) women.
D) children.
E) Africans.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Concerning the issue of food in early Mesopotamia, it would be most accurate to assume that


A) about half the people were underfed at any given time.
B) the bounty of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys ensured sufficient caloric intake for all.
C) commerce, rather than a focus on foodstuffs, concentrated primarily on luxury goods.
D) some type of bread was probably a staple of the Mesopotamian diet.
E) grapes and other fruits could not be grown in the Tigris-Euphrates valley.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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D

Discuss the importance of the development of Mesopotamian trade, and explain the reasons for Mesopotamia's decline in significance after the Persian conquest. How did life differ for Mesopotamians after the conquest?

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The development of Mesopotamian trade wa...

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One of the most important tasks for Sumerian women and children was


A) following the orders of male family members.
B) tilling the crops.
C) maintaining a supply of fresh water.
D) gathering nuts and berries.
E) keeping the homes clean and dry.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

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An aspect of Hammurabi's code of laws that is still important to us today was that it


A) established a theocracy ruled by the gods and their priests.
B) introduced the concept of victim compensation.
C) established equality between the sexes in legal matters, specifically in divorce cases.
D) provided a comprehensive set of rules concerning business matters.
E) excluded the barbaric practices of trial by ordeal and "an eye for an eye" justice.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The main significance of the Akkadian Empire was that


A) Sumerian culture was spread throughout the Middle East.
B) Cuneiform was developed.
C) it outlasted other ancient empires.
D) it first manufactured bronze.
E) the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were finally tamed.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Aside from the invention of writing, perhaps the greatest advance made by the early Mesopotamians was in


A) drainage and irrigation.
B) poetry and art.
C) law and government.
D) mathematics and chronology.
E) religion and art.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The first conqueror of the entire plain of Mesopotamia was


A) Sargon.
B) Gilgamesh.
C) Hammurabi.
D) Akkad.
E) Judea.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Sumerian culture spread throughout the Fertile Crescent because of the leadership of Sargon, who triumphed over other rivals in the pursuit of


A) well watered lands.
B) technological advantages.
C) the new capital city of Akkad.
D) the lands of Mesopotamia.
E) the Akkadians.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A biblical example of a ziggurat might be the ____________________.

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Tower of Babel.

Which of the following would best describe early Mesopotamia?


A) More people lived in the towns than in the rural areas.
B) Most urban jobs could be obtained with little or no educational background.
C) While many people were directly or indirectly involved in food production, one of the most important tasks was to obtain a fresh supply of water on a daily basis.
D) Slaves were found in al parts of the Sumerian lands.
E) although livestock was plentiful and vegetables could be easily grown, Mesopotamians had to import their grains.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true of Sumerian religion?


A) The Epic of Gilgamesh deals with a people who decide to build a tower to the heavens.
B) Most Sumerian gods desired a close, loving relationship with their people.
C) Mesopotamians considered themselves slaves to their unpredictable god-creators.
D) The people had a strong sense of the afterlife and often consulted their departed ancestors for guidance.
E) It was up to the people themselves, as well as to professionally trained priests, to appease the gods.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The Tigris and Euphrates rivers were important to Mesopotamians primarily because


A) they kept out potential raiders.
B) they made irrigation possible.
C) they drained off the water from the frequent storms.
D) they brought the people together.
E) they provided transportation to the sea.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Cuneiform was


A) a pictorial script from which all writing derives.
B) a written language corresponding to oral language.
C) an alphabet.
D) a script written in wedge-shaped characters.
E) the written language of the Egyptians.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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