Question 1

Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant
B)   classical
C)   cognitive
D)   operant and classicalE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _____ reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   Continuous; continuous
B)   Continuous; partial
C)   Partial; continuous
D)   Partial; partialE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   schedule of reinforcement
B)   reinforcement calendar
C)   reinforcement timetable
D)   none of these optionsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a flashback
B)   immediate recall
C)   spontaneous recovery
D)   sudden recallE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

George gets paid on Fridays for a week's work; Mai-ling gets paid for every five wedding veils she completes. George is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement, while Mai-ling is on a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio; average interval
B)   average ratio; variable ratio
C)   average interval; variable interval
D)   fixed interval; fixed ratioE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

For most nonhuman organisms most of the time, offering food after a desired response is a _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)   negative and secondary
B)   positive and secondary
C)   negative and primary
D)   positive and primaryE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

_____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.

Accepted Answer

A)   Operant conditioning; classical conditioning
B)   Higher order conditioning; operant conditioning
C)   Positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
D)   Reinforcement; punishmentE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

The BEST rule to follow in applying operant conditioning to your own life is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforce appropriate behavior
B)   extinguish inappropriate behavior
C)   save punishment for extreme cases only
D)   use a combination of these optionsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Extinction _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   is a gradual suppression of a learned behavior
B)   occurs when a CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS
C)   is a weakening of the association between the CS and the UCS
D)   all of these optionsE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   Cognitive-social theory
B)   Cognitive social learning
C)   Cognitive-behavioral theory
D)   All of these optionsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

The learning of an association between an environmental stimulus and a behavioral response is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   maturation
B)   contiguity learning
C)   conditioning
D)   latent learningE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Most phobias are explained by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   personality defects
B)   latent learning
C)   classical conditioning
D)   operant conditioningE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

From an evolutionary perspective, _____ is an adaptation that enables us to survive and prosper in a constantly changing world.

Accepted Answer

A)   optimism
B)   learning
C)   pessimism
D)   hopeE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

B. F. Skinner conducted an experiment that suggested that a behavior that is repeated because it is thought to cause a desired effect, even when there is no connection between the behavior and the effect, is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   redundant
B)   ineffectual
C)   supercilious
D)   superstitiousE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

If you wanted to use higher-order conditioning to get Watson's Little Albert to fear Barbie dolls, you would show him a Barbie doll with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the loud noise
B)   the original unconditioned response
C)   the white rat
D)   the original conditioned responseE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Professor Miller gives a quiz once a week but he never tells students on what day the quiz will be given. This is a _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed ratio
B)   variable ratio
C)   fixed interval
D)   variable intervalE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

When someone reinforces a series of successive approximations of the desired response, they are engaged in _____ a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   the continuous reinforcement of
B)   generalizing
C)   discriminating
D)   shapingE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

A schedule of reinforcement that presents a reinforce if the behavior occurs in an unpredictable timeframe (e.g., the time before reinforcement varies)  is called a _____ schedule, and is best for producing slow and steady responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mixed interval
B)   Variable interval
C)   Rotating interval
D)   Variable ratioE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

You always sit in the same chair in your psychology class on test-taking days because you believe that something about this seat or location helped you get an "A" on your first test. You are engaged in a _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-defeating
B)   superstitious
C)   self-fulfilling
D)   repetitiousE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Explain the importance to human learning of Kohler's and Tolman' research, and provide an example of how you might use insight and latent learning in your everyday life.

Accepted Answer

Kohler's and Tolman's research on insigh...

Exam 6: Learning

Professor Miller gives a quiz once a week but he never tells students on what day the quiz will be given. This is a _____ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _____ decreases that likelihood.

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B. F. Skinner conducted an experiment that suggested that a behavior that is repeated because it is thought to cause a desired effect, even when there is no connection between the behavior and the effect, is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The BEST rule to follow in applying operant conditioning to your own life is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _____ reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _____ reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extinction _____.

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This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From an evolutionary perspective, _____ is an adaptation that enables us to survive and prosper in a constantly changing world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You always sit in the same chair in your psychology class on test-taking days because you believe that something about this seat or location helped you get an "A" on your first test. You are engaged in a _____ behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When someone reinforces a series of successive approximations of the desired response, they are engaged in _____ a behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The learning of an association between an environmental stimulus and a behavioral response is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consequences are a critical element in _____ conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For most nonhuman organisms most of the time, offering food after a desired response is a _____ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George gets paid on Fridays for a week's work; Mai-ling gets paid for every five wedding veils she completes. George is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement, while Mai-ling is on a _____ schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the importance to human learning of Kohler's and Tolman' research, and provide an example of how you might use insight and latent learning in your everyday life.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIKohler's and Tolman's research on insigh...View AnswerShow Answer

The reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of time without exposure to the CS is called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you wanted to use higher-order conditioning to get Watson's Little Albert to fear Barbie dolls, you would show him a Barbie doll with _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A schedule of reinforcement that presents a reinforce if the behavior occurs in an unpredictable timeframe (e.g., the time before reinforcement varies) is called a _____ schedule, and is best for producing slow and steady responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A program that designates the rate or interval at which a response is reinforced is called a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most phobias are explained by _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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_ increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur, whereas _ decreases that likelihood.

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When you put nickels in a gum-ball machine, you receive _ reinforcement; when you put nickels in a slot machine, you receive _ reinforcement.

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George gets paid on Fridays for a week's work; Mai-ling gets paid for every five wedding veils she completes. George is on a _ schedule of reinforcement, while Mai-ling is on a _ schedule.

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Kohler's and Tolman's research on insigh...
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