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Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Sociologist __________ suggested that small groups have distinctive interaction patterns that do not exist in larger groups.

A) Emile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Herbert Spencer
D) Georg Simmel

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 22

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According to functionalists,__________ needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

A) expressive
B) instrumental
C) social
D) individual

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 23

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Examples of a(n) __________ would include people who are the same age,race,or gender,or those who share the same educational level.

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations) involves:

Sociologist Amitai Etzioni classified formal organizations into three categories,based on the nature of membership in each.Which of the following is NOT a category of formal organizations?

__________ thrive in contemporary organizations because e-mail and Web sites have made it possible for people to communicate throughout the day without ever having to engage in face-to-face interaction.

Class (socioeconomic status based on a person's education,occupation,and income) is the most significant predictor of whether a person will participate in mainstream __________ organizations.

After conducting his research,Solomon Asch concluded that:

According to Robert Merton,the term __________ describes those workers who are more concerned with following correct procedures than they are with getting the job done correctly.These workers are usually able to handle routine situations effectively but are frequently incapable of handling a unique problem or an emergency.

In quality circles,workers are motivated to save the corporation money because they,in turn,receive bonuses or higher wages for their efforts.They have been praised for creating worker satisfaction,helping employees develop their potential,and improving productivity.

In his study of bureaucracies,sociologist __________ relied on an ideal type analysis,which he adapted from the field of economics.

Two people who are best friends,married couples,and domestic partnerships are all examples of:

____________ was interested in the historical trend toward bureaucratization that accelerated during the Industrial Revolution.

The Milgram study provides evidence that obedience to authority may be more common than most of us would like to believe.Almost two-thirds of study participants went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity.

For a person who strongly believes in the value of human rights and equal opportunity,which of the following would NOT constitute a reference group?

Thorstein Veblen used the term __________ to characterize situations in which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

Women in traditionally male organizations may feel more visible and experience greater performance pressure.They may also find it harder to gain credibility in management positions.

The research conducted by Stanley Milgram and his colleagues provides evidence that obedience to authority:

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.