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What is foreign currency translation exposure? How can this type of exposure affect an MNE?

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Foreign currency financial statements ar...

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Assume a U.S. exporter sells to a British importer and denominates the sale in dollars. If the dollar rises over time against the British pound,what types of economic exposure and/or possible strategies could the exporter or importer face?


A) The U.S. exporter has no economic risk because the sale is denominated in dollars.
B) The British importer has only economic risk if the dollar falls against the pound.
C) The U.S. exporter could lower prices in order to reduce the cost to the importer and thereby keep up sales volume.
D) The U.S. exporter does not face an economic exposure, but the British importer does because it must pay in dollars.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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According to U.S. tax law,if a foreign subsidiary earns income,________.


A) its income is immediately taxable to the parent, irrespective of the type of income earned
B) that income is not taxable to the parent company as long as the subsidiary pays income taxes in the country where it is earned
C) passive income is taxable to the parent unless the parent company is a controlled foreign corporation
D) active income is taxable to the parent when it is remitted as a dividend

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A transaction exposure for a U.S. company ________.


A) occurs when the dollar value of a payable from exports changes as the exchange-rate changes
B) generally takes place when foreign currencies weaken against the dollar
C) occurs when reporting systems are inadequate
D) does not result in a gain or loss in cash flows

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Assume that a company has a foreign subsidiary in a country with an exchange rate that is expected to strengthen against the parent company's currency. If the parent is planning the timing for the subsidiary to send a dividend to the parent,it would probably choose a lag strategy.

A) True
B) False

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What are the major sources of internal funds for MNEs? Why do many MNEs acquire external funds through the Eurodollar market?

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The major sources of internal funds for ...

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A Japanese company exports merchandise to a U.S. importer for ¥1,000,000 when the exchange rate is ¥107 per dollar. Payment is not due until the end of the month. At the end of the month,the exchange rate has moved to ¥105 per dollar,and the U.S. importer pays the Japanese exporter for the merchandise. From the standpoint of the U.S. importer,________.


A) there is no transaction exposure since they will sell the merchandise in the United States for dollars
B) the merchandise will be carried on the books at $93,468 (rounded)
C) the Japanese exporter will be paid $9,524
D) the exposure is considered to be a translation exposure, not a transaction exposure

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A price on goods and services sold by one member of a corporate family to another is known as a(n) ________.


A) transfer price
B) tax credit price
C) passive price
D) active price

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Assume that a Canadian exporter sells to a French importer and denominates the sale in euros,which opens the exporter up to foreign exchange risk. Also,assume that the exporter goes to its investment bank and enters into a contract with the bank to gain the right but not the obligation to deliver euros for Canadian dollars at an agreed-upon exchange rate. This is an example of a ________.


A) lead strategy
B) lag strategy
C) foreign-currency option
D) forward contract

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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An option is a hedging instrument that allows one to establish a fixed exchange rate for future transactions where delivery is required.

A) True
B) False

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What is a transfer price? Why are transfer prices used?

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A major tax challenge,as well as impedim...

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Which of the following countries has the largest market for domestic bonds?


A) the U.K.
B) the U.S.
C) Japan
D) China

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Subpart F income is passive and usually derived from operations in a tax-haven country.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Eurocurrency market?


A) The Eurocurrency market is both short and medium term.
B) Private borrowers are the major players in the Eurocurrency market.
C) The Eurocurrency market is a retail, rather than wholesale, market.
D) The interest rates in the Eurocurrency market are about the same as in domestic markets.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The principle by which the tax authorities allow firms to reduce their tax liability by the amount of income taxes paid to foreign governments is known as ________.


A) transfer pricing
B) a tax credit
C) lag strategies in tax planning
D) passive income reductions

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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An economic exposure ________.


A) occurs when reporting systems are inadequate
B) generally takes place when foreign currencies weaken against the dollar
C) occurs when the sourcing and costs of components change as exchange rates change
D) is the same as a translation exposure

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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According to 2010 data,which of the following statements about the mix of debt and equity to fund operations is true?


A) The debt/asset ratio has risen in Japan since 2007.
B) A growing number of Russian firms are relying more on debt.
C) The equity/asset ratio fell for firms in France and Germany since 2007.
D) In most emerging markets, shares of stock are broadly held like in the U.S.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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What is the main challenge companies face in listing ADRs in the United States?


A) paying costly fees and tariffs
B) complying with SEC reporting requirements
C) listing shares in U.S. dollars instead of Eurodollars
D) conducting time-consuming performance evaluations

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A transaction exposure results in a foreign exchange gain or loss.

A) True
B) False

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A translation exposure occurs when the dollar value of a receivable or payable from exports or imports changes as the exchange-rate changes.

A) True
B) False

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