Question 1

Research has shown that social exclusion activates the same brain regions as physical pain. A researcher wants to test the hypothesis that over-the-counter pain relievers will also reduce the pain of social exclusion. She gives half of her participants ibuprofen and half a placebo, has them play a game in which other players ignore them, and then measures their level of distress. In this study _______ is the independent variable and _______ is the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   taking ibuprofen; taking a sugar pill
B)   being ignored; distress
C)   distress; taking ibuprofen
D)   whether people take ibuprofen; distressE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

The Jennifer-John study examining bias against female applicants for a science job suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   women perceive bias, but bias does not actually exist.
B)   women used to face hiring biases, but they no longer do.
C)   men are biased against female applicants, but women are not.
D)   both men and women are biased against female applicants.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The first five participants in a study of motivation have scores of 5, 6, 7, 11, and 11 on the motivation questionnaire. Which of the following will change most if the next participant receives a score of 1?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mean
B)   Median
C)   Reliability
D)   ValidityE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups to reduce the likelihood of _______.

Accepted Answer

pre-existi...

Question 5

Whether depression levels are truly lower in a treatment group than in a control group is assessed by determining the _______ of the difference in scores between groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   variance
B)   validity
C)   statistical inference
D)   statistical significanceE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

A manager at a science museum wants to identify the most popular exhibits, so once every hour for six weeks she has volunteers count the number of people standing in front of each exhibit. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic observation.
B)   correlational research.
C)   case study research.
D)   experimental research.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for exploring whether childhood emotional abuse predicts higher levels of adult depression?

Accepted Answer

A)   Naturalistic observation
B)   Experimental research
C)   Correlational research
D)   Case studiesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Refer to the data below.
  Your brother found a Website showing a correlation of +0.99 between the divorce rate in the state of Maine and levels of margarine consumption. Decreases in average levels of margarine consumption over the past decade are associated with lower rates of divorce, as shown in the figure above. Because he lives in Maine and wants to stay married, he has decided to stop eating margarine. Explain why his interpretation of the data is likely flawed.

Accepted Answer

Although the data show a strong correlat...

Question 9

In an experiment treating spider phobia, half of the participants get eight hours of cognitive-behavioral treatment. The other half get eight hours of attention from a therapist but no active treatment. Both groups report a statistically significant reduction in their fear of spiders. This is evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive-behavioral therapy has no effect.
B)   the placebo effect can be significant.
C)   participants' expectations have no effect.
D)   control groups are a waste of resources.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

A self-report measure of the personality trait of agreeableness produces very similar scores each time the same person completes it. It is also strongly correlated with whether family members describe a person as friendly and cooperative. This measure appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)   reliable and valid.
B)   valid but not reliable.
C)   reliable but not valid.
D)   neither reliable nor valid.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Describe two limitations of survey research.

Accepted Answer

Survey research requires peopl...

Question 12

Which of the following best represents the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A)   A report that discusses the different responses of two groups to variations in medical treatment
B)   A book that documents the development of a person who was diagnosed with a life-threatening illness at a young age
C)   A documentary film that presents footage of members of an isolated tribe going about their daily lives
D)   An article that analyzes the results of responses to questionnaires asking about a number of controversial social issuesE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following measures is most likely to take place at the public discourse stage of a psychological research program?

Accepted Answer

A)   Researchers will collect data from random samples of the population in survey polls.
B)   Institutions will recruit candidates to participate in controlled experiments.
C)   Psychologists will identify widespread patterns of relevant behavior among research subjects.
D)   Unaffiliated psychologists will adopt and carry out similar experiments independently.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Select the correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mean, median, mode
B)   Median, mode, mean
C)   Mode, mean, median
D)   Mean, mode, medianE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Refer to the set of numbers below.
2, 10, 8, 4, 10, 12, 3
In this set of numbers, the median is _______ than the mean and _______than the mode.

Accepted Answer

A)   greater; greater
B)   greater; less
C)   less; less
D)   less; greaterE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The median is a better measure of central tendency than the mean for which of the following distributions?

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 5, 6
B)   10, 12, 13, 14, 106
C)   275, 282, 293, 300, 311
D)   1024, 1024, 1024, 1048, 1059E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Happily married men live longer than unmarried men. This means marital satisfaction and life expectancy are _______ correlated for males.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Happily married men live longer than unmarried...

Question 18

In an experiment, the variable that is expected to differ across the experimental and control groups is the _______ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent
B)   independent
C)   experimental
D)   confoundingE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Experimental research would be more useful than correlational research to test the hypothesis that

Accepted Answer

A)   intelligent parents invest more time in their children's education.
B)   same-sex classrooms cause girls to develop more positive attitudes toward math.
C)   introverted people dislike large social gatherings.
D)   alcohol consumption predicts weight gain.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Strong inference

Accepted Answer

A)   is controversial among psychological researchers.
B)   involves designing research with the potential to disprove a hypothesis.
C)   applies only to correlational research.
D)   eliminates the need for replication.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 2: Psychology As a Science

The first five participants in a study of motivation have scores of 5, 6, 7, 11, and 11 on the motivation questionnaire. Which of the following will change most if the next participant receives a score of 1?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Although the data show a strong correlat...
View Answer

Strong inference

Correct Answer
verified

Experimental research would be more useful than correlational research to test the hypothesis that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following measures is most likely to take place at the public discourse stage of a psychological research program?

Correct Answer
verified

Whether depression levels are truly lower in a treatment group than in a control group is assessed by determining the _______ of the difference in scores between groups.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for exploring whether childhood emotional abuse predicts higher levels of adult depression?

Correct Answer
verified

Select the correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution.

Correct Answer
verified

A self-report measure of the personality trait of agreeableness produces very similar scores each time the same person completes it. It is also strongly correlated with whether family members describe a person as friendly and cooperative. This measure appears to be

Correct Answer
verified

Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups to reduce the likelihood of _______.

Correct Answer
verified
pre-existi...
View Answer

Which of the following best represents the case study method?

Correct Answer
verified

The median is a better measure of central tendency than the mean for which of the following distributions?

Correct Answer
verified

A manager at a science museum wants to identify the most popular exhibits, so once every hour for six weeks she has volunteers count the number of people standing in front of each exhibit. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the set of numbers below. 2, 10, 8, 4, 10, 12, 3 In this set of numbers, the median is _ than the mean and _than the mode.

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment, the variable that is expected to differ across the experimental and control groups is the _______ variable.

Correct Answer
verified

Describe two limitations of survey research.

Correct Answer
verified
Survey research requires peopl...
View Answer

The Jennifer-John study examining bias against female applicants for a science job suggests that

Correct Answer
verified

Happily married men live longer than unmarried men. This means marital satisfaction and life expectancy are _______ correlated for males.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Psychology As a Science

The first five participants in a study of motivation have scores of 5, 6, 7, 11, and 11 on the motivation questionnaire. Which of the following will change most if the next participant receives a score of 1?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAlthough the data show a strong correlat...View AnswerShow Answer

Strong inference

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimental research would be more useful than correlational research to test the hypothesis that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following measures is most likely to take place at the public discourse stage of a psychological research program?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whether depression levels are truly lower in a treatment group than in a control group is assessed by determining the _______ of the difference in scores between groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following research methods would be most appropriate for exploring whether childhood emotional abuse predicts higher levels of adult depression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the correct order of measures of central tendency, from lowest to highest, for a negatively skewed distribution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A self-report measure of the personality trait of agreeableness produces very similar scores each time the same person completes it. It is also strongly correlated with whether family members describe a person as friendly and cooperative. This measure appears to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participants are randomly assigned to treatment and control groups to reduce the likelihood of _______.

Correct Answerverifiedpre-existi...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following best represents the case study method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The median is a better measure of central tendency than the mean for which of the following distributions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A manager at a science museum wants to identify the most popular exhibits, so once every hour for six weeks she has volunteers count the number of people standing in front of each exhibit. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the set of numbers below. 2, 10, 8, 4, 10, 12, 3 In this set of numbers, the median is _______ than the mean and _______than the mode.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, the variable that is expected to differ across the experimental and control groups is the _______ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe two limitations of survey research.

Correct AnswerverifiedSurvey research requires peopl...View AnswerShow Answer

The Jennifer-John study examining bias against female applicants for a science job suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Happily married men live longer than unmarried men. This means marital satisfaction and life expectancy are _______ correlated for males.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Although the data show a strong correlat...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
pre-existi...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the set of numbers below. 2, 10, 8, 4, 10, 12, 3 In this set of numbers, the median is _ than the mean and _than the mode.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Survey research requires peopl...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified