A) it is in South America, far from the Beringian entry point
B) it is right where the Cordilleran and Laurentide glaciers are thought to have coalesced
C) there is no trail of successively older sites leading back to the Beringian entry point
D) it was situated in the glacial tundra and it is thought that no human group has ever successfully adapted to such a harsh environment
F) A) and B)
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A) Siberia
B) Japan
C) Mexico
D) Washington State
F) None of the above
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A) after 12,000 years
B) after 20,000 years
C) before 50,000 and as much as 70,000 years
D) before 100,000 years
F) B) and C)
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A) 10,000 years
B) 15,000 years
C) 24,000 years
D) 50,000 years
F) None of the above
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A) the first human inhabitants of the New World
B) the first broadly successful-in a geographic sense-human inhabitants of the New World
C) Siberians before they migrated into the New World at the end of the Pleistocene
D) people who relied solely on big game hunting for their subsistence
F) B) and C)
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The movement of people into the New World, specifically the Americas, is a topic of significant archaeological and anthropological interest. The prevailing theory is that during the last glacial maximum, when sea levels were lower, a land bridge known as Beringia connected Siberia and Alaska, allowing people to migrate from Asia to North America. There is evidence to suggest that some of these migrations could have occurred through the interior regions of Beringia. Here are some pieces of evidence supporting this hypothesis:
1. Genetic Evidence:
Genetic studies of indigenous populations in the Americas show a close relationship with the peoples of Siberia, indicating a migration across the Bering land bridge. The genetic markers suggest that the initial migration may have occurred between 20,000 and 15,000 years ago, with some populations possibly moving along the ice-free corridor that opened up in the interior of Beringia.
2. Archaeological Sites:
Archaeological sites in Alaska and the Yukon, such as Bluefish Caves and the Swan Point site, have provided evidence of human presence dating back to roughly 14,000 years ago. These sites are located in areas that would have been accessible via the interior route of Beringia.
3. Environmental Evidence:
Paleoenvironmental reconstructions of Beringia during the last glacial maximum suggest that there were areas of steppe-tundra that could have supported large herbivores like mammoths and bison. Early human migrants likely followed these animals, providing a subsistence base as they moved through the interior.
4. Stone Tool Technology:
Similarities in stone tool technology between Siberian sites and early sites in North America suggest a cultural continuity that would be consistent with a migration through Beringia. The Clovis culture, once thought to represent the first human presence in the New World, has been preceded by pre-Clovis cultures with different tool assemblages that may have originated from migrations through the interior of Beringia.
5. Linguistic Evidence:
Some linguistic research suggests that the distribution of Na-Dene languages in North America may be the result of a separate migration wave from the one that brought the ancestors of most other Native American groups. This could indicate multiple waves of migration through different routes, including the interior of Beringia.
6. Coastal vs. Interior Route Debate:
While there is also evidence for a coastal migration route along the Pacific shoreline, the debate is ongoing. Some researchers argue that the coastal route would have been viable earlier than the interior route due to the presence of ice sheets. However, the discovery of pre-Clovis sites in the interior supports the possibility that both routes were used.
It is important to note that the evidence for early human movement into the New World is complex and continuously evolving as new discoveries are made. The interior route through Beringia is just one piece of the puzzle, and ongoing research may provide further insights into the timing and nature of these ancient migrations.
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A) bifacial projectile points
B) wedge-shaped cores
C) fluted points
D) bone harpoons
F) B) and C)
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The paleogeography of the western Pacifi...View Answer
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Beringia, the land bridge that once conn...View Answer
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A) a stone tool technology from northeast Asia quite similar to that seen at Denali sites in the American Arctic
B) the name given to the oldest pottery in Australia
C) the name given to the pottery style seen on the inhabited islands of Polynesia
D) the art style of the earliest artists of Australia
F) B) and C)
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A) subtropics and tropics
B) temperate
C) arctic and subarctic
D) Mediterranean
F) B) and C)
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A) 10,000 years ago
B) 25,000 years ago
C) 39,000 years ago
D) 50,000 years ago
F) B) and C)
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D
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The study of the shells of the indigenous, flightless birds, the emu and Genyornis newtoni, has provided insights into the massive wave of animal extinction that affected Australia about 45,000 years ago. By analyzing the shells, researchers have been able to determine the timing and extent of the extinction event, as well as the potential causes.
One key insight gained from the study of these shells is that the extinction of these birds coincided with the arrival of humans in Australia. This suggests that human activity, such as hunting and habitat destruction, may have played a significant role in the extinction of these species.
Additionally, the analysis of the shells has provided information about the diet and environmental conditions of these birds prior to their extinction. This has helped researchers understand the ecological impact of their disappearance and the potential cascading effects on other species in the ecosystem.
Overall, the study of the shells of the emu and Genyornis newtoni has shed light on the complex interactions between humans and the environment in prehistoric Australia, and has contributed to our understanding of the causes and consequences of the massive wave of animal extinction that occurred around 45,000 years ago.
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A) 15,000 years
B) 12,000 years
C) 9,000 years
D) 7,500 years
F) B) and C)
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A) climate change
B) overhunting
C) diseases brought in by the first human migrants
D) evolution
F) All of the above
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A) Asia
B) Europe
C) Africa
D) Australia
F) B) and D)
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The significance of Kennewick Man lies i...View Answer
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A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
F) None of the above
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A) A
B) B
C) X
D) all five have been found among modern Asians
F) C) and D)
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The question "How many migrations were t...View Answer
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