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The U.S.S.R. collapsed with the end of c...View Answer
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Russia invaded Chechnya in 1994 primarily due to the desire to maintain control over the region and prevent it from seeking independence. Chechnya had declared independence from Russia in 1991, and the Russian government was determined to prevent the break-up of the country.
The Russian public initially supported the invasion, as the government portrayed it as a necessary measure to combat terrorism and maintain the integrity of the Russian state. However, as the conflict dragged on and reports of human rights abuses and civilian casualties emerged, public opinion began to shift. Many Russians became disillusioned with the war and the government's handling of it.
Internationally, the invasion of Chechnya was met with widespread condemnation. Many countries and international organizations criticized Russia for its heavy-handed approach and human rights violations. The conflict also strained Russia's relations with the West, particularly the United States and European Union.
Overall, the invasion of Chechnya in 1994 was a controversial and divisive issue both domestically and internationally, leading to significant backlash and criticism from various quarters.
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A) the overthrown Communist leaders wore uniforms trimmed with velvet.
B) blue velvet was the symbol of the Czech democratic forces.
C) it took place smoothly and without bloodshed.
D) red velvet symbolized the blood of the martyred Czech freedom fighters.
F) C) and D)
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A) was indicted as a war criminal by the international court at The Hague.
B) refused to give up power after his arrest for war crimes.
C) finally stepped down after massive demonstrations followed his loss at the polls in 2000.
D) All of these are correct.
F) B) and D)
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A) Central and eastern Europe lost control over their own destinies.
B) One of the two superpowers that had dominated international affairs disappeared.
C) The Cold War started between Russia and the United States.
D) Russia rose to power and gained control over the federated constituent republics.
F) B) and C)
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Yeltsin's rule can be compared to Gorbac...View Answer
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The roots of the conflict in the Balkans...View Answer
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Mikhail Gorbachev attempted to reform co...View Answer
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A) the drastic restructuring of the centrally planned command economy.
B) political rule by a three-person directorate.
C) a willingness to reexamine past mistakes and wrongdoings.
D) the rapid creation of a free market economy.
F) A) and C)
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A) His indecisive steps in building a market economy
B) His political measures to dismantle the old guard completely
C) His refusal to repress the ethnic unrest in the constituent republics
D) His increasing repression of freedom of speech
F) A) and C)
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The collapse of the Communist regime in the former Soviet Union can be attributed to a combination of social, economic, and political factors.
Socially, the Soviet Union faced widespread dissatisfaction among its citizens. The strict control over personal freedoms, lack of consumer goods, and widespread corruption within the government led to a growing sense of disillusionment and resentment among the population. The Soviet people were also increasingly exposed to Western ideas and lifestyles, which created a desire for change and a shift away from the communist system.
Economically, the Soviet Union was struggling with a stagnant and inefficient centrally planned economy. The government's focus on heavy industry and military spending led to a lack of consumer goods and widespread shortages. The economy was also burdened by a bloated bureaucracy and a lack of innovation, which hindered its ability to compete on the global stage.
Politically, the Soviet regime was plagued by internal power struggles and a lack of effective leadership. The policies of leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev, such as glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring), aimed at reforming the system, but ultimately led to a loss of control and destabilization of the government. Additionally, the Soviet Union faced growing nationalist movements in its satellite states, which further weakened the central government's authority.
Ultimately, the combination of these social, economic, and political factors led to the collapse of the Communist regime in the former Soviet Union. The people's desire for change, the economic inefficiencies of the system, and the political instability all contributed to the downfall of the Soviet Union and the end of its communist rule.
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A) The UN peacekeepers agreed to completely pull out of Bosnia.
B) Serbia accepted the new boundaries of Croatia and Bosnia.
C) The Security Council imposed economic sanctions against the former Yugoslavia.
D) Croats and Muslims agreed to create a Croat-Muslim federation.
F) A) and D)
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Mass movements played a crucial role in ...View Answer
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A) Germany had to obtain approval from the four Allied powers, including the U.S.S.R.
B) Germany had to confirm its cession of territories in the east to the U.S.S.R.
C) Germany had to pledge the inviolability of the German-Polish border.
D) Germany had to confirm its cession of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
F) B) and C)
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A) experienced a "velvet" revolution that destroyed an iron curtain regime.
B) experienced violence when Ceausescu's security forces killed hundreds, sparking further protests.
C) experienced a peaceful transition under the progressive leadership of Ceausescu.
D) made Ceausescu, one of its most famous dissident writers, its first democratically elected president.
F) B) and D)
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A) Revamping of the collectivized agrarian system
B) Revision of the legal codes to encompass a measure of civil liberties
C) Emergence of totalitarian control over political, cultural, and intellectual life
D) Dissolution of the role of the Communist Party as the directing agent of Soviet society
F) A) and C)
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A) the strong support of the United States.
B) the stagnation of the economy.
C) the support of pope John Paul II.
D) the secondary strategic importance of the country for Soviet security.
F) B) and C)
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A) no radical changes occurred.
B) for the most part, no armed struggle occurred.
C) it was brought about by foreign intervention.
D) it occurred less by implosion than by explosion.
F) All of the above
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A) he needed to relieve the intolerable military burden on the Soviet economy.
B) he repudiated ideological struggle in favor of "universal human interests."
C) he wished to fool the West into believing that he had abandoned old Soviet policies of expansionism.
D) he needed to relieve the intolerable military burden on the Soviet economy and repudiated ideological struggle in favor of "universal human interests."
F) A) and B)
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D
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A) a nationwide boycott of goods made by state-owned industries.
B) an independent trade union federation.
C) a secret, conspiratorial organization committed to revolution.
D) a boycott of rigged Communist elections.
F) All of the above
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