Question 1

___________ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid, and therefore regulation of this is the critical factor in the maintenance of body fluid volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium
B)  Chloride
C)  Potassium
D)  PhosphorusE) A) and D)
F) C) and D) A

Question 2

When following the urinary system, the renal pelvis rapidly diminishes in caliber and merges into the ______.Each of these descends in the abdomen alongside the vertebral column to join the ______, which provides temporary storage for urine, which is eventually voided through the _____ to the exterior.

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra, kidney, ureter
B)  ureter, kidney, urethra
C)  ureter, bladder, urethra
D)  urethra, bladder, ureterE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) C

Question 3

Body pH is controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-base buffers
B)  the lungs
C)  the kidneys
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

In stage 4 of chronic kidney disease, the glomerular filtration rate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  between 15 and 30
B)  between 30 and 60
C)  between 60 and 90
D)  greater than 90E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Normal urine output is approximately _____________ per day.

Accepted Answer

A)  500 mL
B)  1000 mL
C)  1500 mL
D)  2500 mLE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

The kidney is able to carry out its complex functions because approximately ______of the volume of blood pumped by the heart into the systemic circulation is circulated through the kidneys.Therefore, the kidneys, which constitute about ______ of total body weight, receive ______ of the cardiac output.

Accepted Answer

A)  25%, 0.5%, 1/4
B)  0.5%, 25%, 1/4
C)  25%, 0.5%, 1/2
D)  50%, 25%, 1/2E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Each kidney is made up of approximately 1 million nephrons.The nephron begins with the ______.This is surrounded by ______, which is formed by the blind, dilated end of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, renal tubule
B)  renal tubule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus
C)  renal tubule, glomerulus, Bowman's capsule
D)  glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, renal tubuleE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

A small fraction of filtered sodium, chloride, and water is reabsorbed in _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ascending loop of Henle
B)  the descending loop of Henle
C)  the proximal tubule
D)  the distal convoluted tubuleE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In acute glomerulonephritis, BUN will be ______, serum creatinine levels will be ______, and the GFR will be ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased, increased, decreased
B)  increased, decreased, increased
C)  decreased, decreased, increased
D)  increased, increased, decreasedE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

When the human body needs to conserve water, as in dehydration, the concentration mechanism operates maximally, and the urine osmolality will change to about ______.When there is excess water in the body, urine flow ______, and the diluting mechanism can change urine osmolality to approximately ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  50 mOsm/kg, decreases, 1200 mOsm/kg
B)  1200 mOsm/kg, increases, 50 mOsm/kg
C)  1200 mOsm/kg, decreases, 1200 mOsm/kg
D)  50 mOsm/kg, increases, 1200 mOsm/kgE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Fanconi syndrome is a group of renal defects resulting in:
1) glucosuria
2) aminoaciduria
3) hypophosphatemia
4) renal tubular acidosis

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4
B)  1, 2, 4
C)  2, 3, 4
D)  1, 3, 4E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

All filtered glucose and most of the filtered amino acids are normally reabsorbed in ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ascending loop of Henle
B)  the descending loop of Henle
C)  the proximal tubule
D)  the distal convoluted tubuleE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Underneath the capsule of fibrous tissue that encloses the kidney lies the renal cortex, which contains the ______ and the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting ducts, glomeruli
B)  glomeruli, renal tubules
C)  tubules, collecting ducts
D)  none of the aboveE) None of the above
F) All of the above B

Question 14

Potassium is freely filtered at the ______, and ______ occurs throughout the nephron, except in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  descending loop of Henle, active tubular reabsorption, glomerulus
B)  ascending loop of Henle, active tubular reabsorption, glomerulus
C)  glomerulus, active tubular reabsorption, descending loop of Henle
D)  glomerulus, active tubular reabsorption, ascending loop of HenleE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis?
0 to 1+ protein
0 to 10 RBCs per high power field
>30 WBCs per high power field
2+ bacteria
Granular white blood cell casts

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulonephritis
B)  nephrotic syndrome
C)  pyelonephritis
D)  these are normal urine findingsE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following is an/are important function(s)  of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of acid-base balance
B)  hormonal function
C)  protein conservation
D)  all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis?
4+ protein
0 to 10 RBCs per high power field
0 to 5 WBCs per high power field
0 bacteria
Oval fat bodies
Hyaline casts

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulonephritis
B)  nephrotic syndrome
C)  pyelonephritis
D)  these are normal urine findingsE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 30: Renal Function

___________ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid, and therefore regulation of this is the critical factor in the maintenance of body fluid volume.

Correct Answer
verified
A

When following the urinary system, the renal pelvis rapidly diminishes in caliber and merges into the .Each of these descends in the abdomen alongside the vertebral column to join the , which provides temporary storage for urine, which is eventually voided through the _ to the exterior.

Correct Answer
verified
C

Body pH is controlled by:

Correct Answer
verified

In stage 4 of chronic kidney disease, the glomerular filtration rate is:

Correct Answer
verified

Normal urine output is approximately _____________ per day.

Correct Answer
verified

The kidney is able to carry out its complex functions because approximately of the volume of blood pumped by the heart into the systemic circulation is circulated through the kidneys.Therefore, the kidneys, which constitute about of total body weight, receive __ of the cardiac output.

Correct Answer
verified

Each kidney is made up of approximately 1 million nephrons.The nephron begins with the .This is surrounded by , which is formed by the blind, dilated end of the __.

Correct Answer
verified

A small fraction of filtered sodium, chloride, and water is reabsorbed in _____________.

Correct Answer
verified

In acute glomerulonephritis, BUN will be , serum creatinine levels will be , and the GFR will be __.

Correct Answer
verified

When the human body needs to conserve water, as in dehydration, the concentration mechanism operates maximally, and the urine osmolality will change to about .When there is excess water in the body, urine flow , and the diluting mechanism can change urine osmolality to approximately __.

Correct Answer
verified

Fanconi syndrome is a group of renal defects resulting in: 1) glucosuria 2) aminoaciduria 3) hypophosphatemia 4) renal tubular acidosis

Correct Answer
verified

All filtered glucose and most of the filtered amino acids are normally reabsorbed in ___________.

Correct Answer
verified

Underneath the capsule of fibrous tissue that encloses the kidney lies the renal cortex, which contains the and the .

Correct Answer
verified
B

Potassium is freely filtered at the , and occurs throughout the nephron, except in the __.

Correct Answer
verified

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis? 0 to 1+ protein 0 to 10 RBCs per high power field >30 WBCs per high power field 2+ bacteria Granular white blood cell casts

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an/are important function(s) of the kidney?

Correct Answer
verified

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis? 4+ protein 0 to 10 RBCs per high power field 0 to 5 WBCs per high power field 0 bacteria Oval fat bodies Hyaline casts

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 30: Renal Function

___________ is the major cation found in extracellular fluid, and therefore regulation of this is the critical factor in the maintenance of body fluid volume.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Body pH is controlled by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In stage 4 of chronic kidney disease, the glomerular filtration rate is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normal urine output is approximately _____________ per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each kidney is made up of approximately 1 million nephrons.The nephron begins with the ______.This is surrounded by ______, which is formed by the blind, dilated end of the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A small fraction of filtered sodium, chloride, and water is reabsorbed in _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In acute glomerulonephritis, BUN will be ______, serum creatinine levels will be ______, and the GFR will be ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fanconi syndrome is a group of renal defects resulting in: 1) glucosuria 2) aminoaciduria 3) hypophosphatemia 4) renal tubular acidosis

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All filtered glucose and most of the filtered amino acids are normally reabsorbed in ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Underneath the capsule of fibrous tissue that encloses the kidney lies the renal cortex, which contains the ______ and the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Potassium is freely filtered at the ______, and ______ occurs throughout the nephron, except in the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis? 0 to 1+ protein 0 to 10 RBCs per high power field >30 WBCs per high power field 2+ bacteria Granular white blood cell casts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an/are important function(s) of the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following are findings in a microscopic urinalysis.What is the laboratory diagnosis? 4+ protein 0 to 10 RBCs per high power field 0 to 5 WBCs per high power field 0 bacteria Oval fat bodies Hyaline casts

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Each kidney is made up of approximately 1 million nephrons.The nephron begins with the .This is surrounded by , which is formed by the blind, dilated end of the __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In acute glomerulonephritis, BUN will be , serum creatinine levels will be , and the GFR will be __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Underneath the capsule of fibrous tissue that encloses the kidney lies the renal cortex, which contains the and the .

Correct Answer
verified
B

Potassium is freely filtered at the , and occurs throughout the nephron, except in the __.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified