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Robert Cline, the CEO of Airborne Freight, knows that the first step in the process of change is developing an initial awareness of the need for change and the forces supporting and resisting change. According to force-field analysis, this step is referred to as


A) unfreezing.
B) initiating.
C) freezing.
D) devising.
E) originating.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Most organizations that make Fortune magazine's list of the "100 Best Companies to Work for in America" have a common theme of celebrating success through rites, rituals, and ceremonies.

A) True
B) False

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According to the authors, which of the following are "becoming ever more popular" as a result of the increasing use of electronic communication?


A) Similes
B) Allegories
C) Analogies
D) Metaphors
E) Acronyms

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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General Motors decided to establish a new division (Saturn) because it had experienced enormous problems in adapting its existing divisions to the dynamic and highly competitive automobile market. Which of the following had the greatest impact on GM's decision to create a new division rather than simply adapt its existing divisions?


A) rites
B) organizational culture
C) metaphors
D) routines
E) leadership

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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At Microsoft, employees use special terminology, abbreviations, jargon, slang, and gestures that are almost unintelligible to outsiders, but are used inside the organization to convey a sense of belonging or community. This practice is an example of the use of


A) language systems and metaphors.
B) stories, sagas, and myths.
C) rituals and ceremonies.
D) structure and hierarchy.
E) artifacts and customs.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Unfreezing focuses on reinforcing new behaviors.

A) True
B) False

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Refreezing is synonymous with institutionalizing.

A) True
B) False

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Kurt Lewin's three-step process of force-field analysis includes


A) analysis, change, and stabilization.
B) programming, changing, and deprogramming.
C) unfreezing, changing, and refreezing.
D) listening, doing, and evaluating.
E) planning, organizing, and controlling.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Typically, when a new organization is formed, the __________, or initial set of norms, values, and beliefs, reflects the drive and imagination of the founding individual and group.


A) planning system
B) control philosophy
C) culture
D) hierarchy
E) structure

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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To compete effectively, companies are increasingly hiring and retaining employees who "fit the culture."

A) True
B) False

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Paul Stewart, a manager at Advantage Electronics, has the task of changing the skill level of several employees within his firm to provide them the competencies needed to repair a new product the company is manufacturing. This type of change falls under the category of


A) customer targets.
B) interpersonal and group targets.
C) organizational targets.
D) environmental targets.
E) individual targets.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Before implementing a new compensation plan at her school, Principal Licciardi first secured the school board's permission. Then she reinforced the new desired behaviors of her faculty. Finally, she evaluated the degree of change found in her teachers' behavior. All of these actions are important activities to support the __________ step in force-field analysis.


A) supervising
B) refreezing
C) leading
D) reinforcing
E) motivating

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Although change is a constant factor in the modern business environment, fortunately it is becoming less complex.

A) True
B) False

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Companies with strong, formally articulated values that are focused on the needs of their constituencies have an important advantage over those without such values.

A) True
B) False

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Resisting change is natural, but in today's world, failing to change can be deadly.

A) True
B) False

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Match each term with the correct statement below. -teaching people to interact successfully with others in the organization


A) external forces
B) internal forces
C) restraining forces
D) organizational development

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following includes special terminology, abbreviations, jargon, slang, and gestures that are almost unintelligible to outsiders?


A) stories
B) metaphors
C) artifacts
D) rites
E) scripts

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The authors stated that managers who strive for high-quality products and services understand that


A) they must involve the keepers and holders of the culture, build on what all organizational members share, and teach new members how to behave.
B) they should ascertain whether or not standard operating procedures are consistent with the mission, ensure that formal rules are in place to facilitate uniform quality, and provide continual guidance to the workforce.
C) they must solicit and process input from members of the workforce, provide products or services consistent with the mission, and adhere to fairness standards.
D) they must have a clear understanding of the job functions within their area of responsibility, create a sense of commitment among the workforce, and involve members of the workforce in the decision-making process.
E) they are responsible for the success of their functional area, must enforce standard operating procedures through periodic inspections, and ensure that employees are fairly treated.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Organizations have built-in resistance to change with policies, rules, and standard operating procedures.

A) True
B) False

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At Lake Mead Buick, a banquet is held every January to honor the salespeople who sold the most cars the previous year. This practice is an example of a/an


A) practice or routine.
B) ritual or ceremony.
C) observance or custom.
D) artifact or story.
E) metaphor or myth.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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