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Exam 7: Biological Membranes and Membrane Transport

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Question 1

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Drugs that inhibit the plasma membrane Na⁺ / K⁺ ATPase decrease which of the following cellular processes?

A) cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions
B) cellular uptake of iron by reticulocytes
C) endocytosis of low-density lipoproteins
D) export of calcium from cardiac muscle cells
E) transport of glucose into adipose tissue cells

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Question 2

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Ouabain is a poisonous compound found in the ripe seeds of the African plant Strophanthus gratus. This compound is poisonous due to the fact that it is a potent inhibitor of which of the following?

A) aquaporins
B) F-type ATPases
C) Na⁺ / K⁺ -ATPase
D) P-type ATPases
E) SLC type transporters

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Question 3

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You are treating a patient who complains of having an intense or uncontrollable thirst with a strong craving for ice water. The patient produces large amounts of urine (8-10 L per day) . Additional symptoms include fatigue, headache, irritability, and muscle pains. Given the symptoms you suspect nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. If this diagnosis is correct, which of the following membrane transporter types would be defective in your patient?

A 3-day-old male neonate is diagnosed with meconium ileus. You should be concerned that he has which of the following conditions?

You are examining the characteristics of ion movement in cells in culture. You find that addition of a particular compound to the medium interferes with this movement. The compound you are using most likely interferes with the function of which of the following structures that allows ion and small molecule passage directly from the cytosol of one cell to another?

A patient who presents with unique facial features, recurrent infections, persistent leukocytosis, defective neutrophil chemotaxis, and severe growth and mental retardation would likely be manifesting these symptoms due to a deficiency in which of the following transport proteins?

Certain types of cell junctions render epithelial cells impermeable. Which of the following types of cell junction is responsible for impermeability, therefore requiring transcellular movement of substances from the apical surface to the basolateral surface of the epithelium?

Cardiotonic steroids, produced by the adrenal glands, heart tissue, and hypothalamus are specific inhibitors of which of the following?

Digoxin is a member of the cardiac glycoside family of drugs. This drug can be used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation since it slows heart rate. Cardiac glycosides function by inhibiting which class of membrane transporter?

Aquaporins are a class of transporters that are involved in the transport of water across membranes. The aquaporins belong to which type of transporter family?

GLUT4 is the glucose transporter involved in insulinstimulated glucose uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. The mechanism of glucose transport by GLUT4 is of which of the following types?

Intestinal epithelial cells possess 2 transport mechanisms to move glucose across the plasma membrane, a facilitated glucose carrier (GLUT2) as well as a sodium-dependent secondary active transporter (SGLT1) . Which of the following attributes distinguishes these 2 transport modalities with respect to net glucose transport?

You are carrying out mutational studies on membrane-associated proteins. You are particularly interested in proteins that pass through the plasma membrane of cells. Alteration of which of the following properties of an integral membrane protein would most likely interfere with its ability to become membrane associated?

You are studying the electrophysiological characteristics of cardiac pacemaker cells. Which of the following is the primary determinant of the resting membrane potential in these cells?

Deficiency in the copper transporter ATP7A would most likely be associated with which of the following symptoms?

Which of the following proteins uses the sodium electrochemical gradient to actively transport a solute into the cell?

Acetylcholine exerts effects on several cell types. On certain cells, such as muscle, the activity of acetylcholine results in the opening of which of the following types of membrane channels?

You have a patient presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms, progressive chronic liver disease, Parkinsonian tremors, diminished facial expressions, and choreoathetosis. These symptoms are associated with a deficiency in which of the following?

You are examining a 17-year-old adolescent girl presenting with decreased range of motion, redness, and swelling of the joints due to arthritis. The young woman also presents with xanthomas in the Achilles tendon and extensor tendons of the hand. Additional examination indicates splenomegaly. Analysis of serum shows very high levels of sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and avenosterol. You suspect the patient is suffering from sitosterolemia. Which of the following class of transport systems is likely to be defective in this patient?

Which of the following is involved in the simultaneous transport of 2 different molecules across a membrane in the same direction at the same time?