Question 1

Constraint satisfaction is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the tendency to solve problems while ignoring any constraints
B)   achieving correct cognitions satisfactorily without certain constraints
C)   applicable to those instances when the solution fits the data better than any other
D)   building network models within the constraints of the environmental limitationsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

When comparing college students from New Mexico to Manu farmers from Africa, it was found that:

Accepted Answer

A)   college students could sort geometric shapes better than the Manu farmers
B)   the Manu farmers were better than the college students at sorting different types of rice
C)   Western subjects were faster than the Manu on both tasks
D)   all of the above were foundE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Mental models:

Accepted Answer

A)   may be simple or complex
B)   often include visual elements
C)   always include visual descriptions of the relations among elements
D)   all of the aboveE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

People are rational within constraints imposed by their environment, goals, and abilities. This concept is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   bounded rationality
B)   satisfying
C)   heuristics
D)   expected utilityE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

What MUST be known to consider a problem well defined?

Accepted Answer

A)   the initial state
B)   the goal state
C)   the operators
D)   all of the aboveE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

The system of symbols, sounds, meaning, and rules for their combination that constitutes the primary mode of communication among humans is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   grammames
B)   communication systems
C)   syntax
D)   languageE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

The rules that govern the placement of words and phrases in a sentence are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax
B)   semantics
C)   grammames
D)   veridical linguistic componentsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Noam Chomsky defines _____ as a system for generating acceptable language utterances and identifying unacceptable ones.

Accepted Answer

A)   grammar
B)   phonemation
C)   semantics
D)   syntaxE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

If I take all the students in my class and I separate or group them based on their grades (A, B, C, etc.) , then I have:

Accepted Answer

A)   conceptualized them
B)   created the prototypical student
C)   categorized them
D)   created functional discontinuitiesE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following can be explained by the near miss phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)   you will probably be more upset if you miss winning the lottery by one number rather than three numbers.
B)   the person who comes in third in a contest will probably be happier that the person who comes in second.
C)   a student who just misses an "A" in a course will likely be more disappointed than a student who just manages to pull a "B".
D)   all of the aboveE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 11

In learning language, chimpanzees have been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A)   be capable of learning a vocabulary of about 130 symbols
B)   communicate with each other using symbols
C)   use symbols to express an act rather than actually carrying out the act
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

A mental representation of a grouping of objects, ideas, or events that share common properties is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)   concept
B)   category
C)   prototype
D)   hierarchyE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

The process of transforming one situation into another in order to meet a goal is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   functionalization
B)   problem-solving
C)   cognitizing
D)   intentionalismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Nonverbal communication includes

Accepted Answer

A)   gestures
B)   touch
C)   physical distance
D)   All the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

What relationship does motorcycle have to vehicle?

Accepted Answer

A)   simple
B)   superordinate
C)   hyperordinate
D)   subordinateE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Algorithms are best for problems that:

Accepted Answer

A)   are open-ended
B)   have considerable complexity
C)   have a solution
D)   require mathematicsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

The elements of speech in order, from smallest to largest, are

Accepted Answer

A)   morphemes, phonemes, trinemes, paranemes
B)   morphemes, phonemes, semantics, pragmatics
C)   phonemes, morphemes, phrases, sentences
D)   syntax, semantics, pragmatics, discourseE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Confirmation bias:

Accepted Answer

A)   is the tendency to observe things that disagree with other's views
B)   is the tendency for people to search for information that confirms their expectations.
C)   involves the process of re-checking your data
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The idea that language shapes thought is referred to as the _____ hypothesis of linguistic relativity.

Accepted Answer

A)   Simon
B)   Whorfian
C)   Orlacchio
D)   ChomskyE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

The way that language affects thought is through:

Accepted Answer

A)   grammatical constructions
B)   words
C)   both a and b
D)   neither a nor bE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Thought and Language

The elements of speech in order, from smallest to largest, are

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Mental models:

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The process of transforming one situation into another in order to meet a goal is called:

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Noam Chomsky defines _____ as a system for generating acceptable language utterances and identifying unacceptable ones.

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Constraint satisfaction is:

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People are rational within constraints imposed by their environment, goals, and abilities. This concept is known as

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What MUST be known to consider a problem well defined?

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The way that language affects thought is through:

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What relationship does motorcycle have to vehicle?

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The rules that govern the placement of words and phrases in a sentence are referred to as:

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Algorithms are best for problems that:

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The idea that language shapes thought is referred to as the _____ hypothesis of linguistic relativity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mental representation of a grouping of objects, ideas, or events that share common properties is called a:

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When comparing college students from New Mexico to Manu farmers from Africa, it was found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The system of symbols, sounds, meaning, and rules for their combination that constitutes the primary mode of communication among humans is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can be explained by the near miss phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Confirmation bias:

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In learning language, chimpanzees have been shown to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If I take all the students in my class and I separate or group them based on their grades (A, B, C, etc.) , then I have:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nonverbal communication includes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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