Question 1

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  promote the immune response
B)  promote the release of fatty acids
C)  increase blood glucose levels
D)  increase insulin productionE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Which of the following hormones does not act using a second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon
B)  leptin
C)  testosterone
D)  growth hormoneE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

People with type II diabetes mellitus have defective insulin receptors that cannot respond to insulin properly.Relative to normal individuals,what would be the effect on blood glucose levels of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be a greater increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus than in normal individuals.
B)  There would be less increase in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus than in normal individuals.
C)  There would be a greater decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus than in normal individuals.
D)  There would be less decrease in blood glucose levels in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus than in normal individuals.
E)  There would be about the same effect on blood glucose levels in both types of individuals.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B) B

Question 4

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  It secretes a product that is carried in the bloodstream or other fluids to target cells.
B)  The gland's product will only interact with receptors on the cell membrane.
C)  The gland's product is lipid soluble.
D)  The gland produces and secretes its product.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

You have three strains of mice:
A,B,and C.You experimentally manipulate each strain and find that all three show increased secretion of molecule X.Now you perform a parabiosis experiment with the three combinations of these mice:
AB,AC,and BC.You perform the same experimental manipulation as above on one mouse of each pair without directly affecting the other mouse and look for effects on the other mouse.You find no detectable effect on the unmanipulated partner in any of the combinations.What is the logical conclusion based on these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  The effect on molecule X is not mediated by hormones.
B)  The effect on molecule X is not mediated by nerves.
C)  The effect on molecule X was just an artifact of the first experiment.
D)  The effect on molecule X is controlled by higher integrative centers of the brain.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

What property of the steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroid hormones are lipid soluble and easily cross the phospholipid bilayer.
B)  Steroid hormones can act in very small concentrations and very few molecules of steroids need to cross the lipid bilayer.
C)  Steroid hormones act on cells close to where they were produced and very few molecules are required to travel such a short distance to cross the lipid bilayer.
D)  Steroid hormones act on the same cells in which they are produced and therefore are within the cell they are acting upon.
E)  None of the above are true.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the hypothalamus (H) and the anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) lobes of the pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A)  The H is the neural system that releases hormones directly into the AP and communicates with the PP only through the circulation.
B)  The AP regulates the H through negative feedback mechanisms while the PP regulates the H through positive feedback.
C)  The H communicates directly with the PP and indirectly with the AP through the circulatory system.
D)  The H regulates secretions from the PP,which then regulates all secretions from the AP.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following hormone does not act via a second messenger system?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin
B)  norepinephrine
C)  growth hormone
D)  estrogen
E)  ACTHF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

How are small amounts of hormones amplified?

Accepted Answer

A)  One cAMP molecule stimulates one cAMP-dependent protein kinase A molecule,which activates many molecules of phosphorylase kinase.
B)  One cAMP molecule triggers the production of more hormone.
C)  One cAMP molecule stimulates several cAMP-dependent protein kinase A molecules,which activates many molecules of phosphorylase kinase.
D)  Signal transduction cascades are dependent upon second messenger signaling only in rare cases and only when the hormone in question is a steroid.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal glands
B)  pituitary gland
C)  thyroid gland
D)  ovaries (in female) or testes (in male) E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  autocrine
B)  paracrine
C)  endocrine
D)  all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

When a person drinks alcohol the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following could account for the increase in urination?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alcohol stimulates the release of ADH.
B)  Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH.
C)  Alcohol inhibits the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron.
D)  Alcohol could inhibit ADH release or the binding of ADH to receptors in the nephron.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

If a biochemist discovers a new molecule,which of the following pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule is a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecule is lipid soluble.
B)  The molecule is derived from a series of steps beginning with cholesterol.
C)  The molecule acts at a target tissue some distance from where it is produced.
D)  The molecule uses a carrier protein when in an aqueous solution such as blood.
E)  All of the above would indicate this molecule is a steroid hormone.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures.The more calcium in the bones,the better the bone density.Which of the following would have the greatest effect on calcium levels in the bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcitonin injection
B)  calcitonin receptor blocker
C)  parathyroid hormone injection
D)  parathyroid receptor blockerE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the neuroendocrine-to-endocrine pathway of hormone action?

Accepted Answer

A)  a neural organ that produces hormones regulates another gland through the release of hormones into the circulation that travel to the affected gland
B)  a neural organ that produces hormones releases its hormones directly into another gland that it regulates
C)  a gland that releases hormones directly into a neural structure,thus regulating neural functions
D)  a gland that exhibits negative feedback on the nervous system by releasing hormones into neural tissue both directly and indirectly through the circulationE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Patients diagnosed with hypercortisolism may have tumors that secrete _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth hormone
B)  ACTH
C)  estrogen
D)  leptinE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in glucocorticoid production
B)  increase in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
C)  decrease in cortisol release
D)  decrease in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) 
E)  all of the aboveF) B) and D)
G) All of the above A

Question 18

Which of the following is similar in structure to cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin and serotonin
B)  luteinizing hormone and insulin
C)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone and vasopressin
D)  testosterone,estradiol,and cortisol
E)  oxytocin and vasopressinF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Signal transduction occurs when a chemical message at the cell surface elicits a response inside the cell.Which one of the following events is not associated with signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein phosphorylation
B)  cell-surface receptor binding
C)  internal receptor binding
D)  second messenger activationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol,ACTH,and CRH.What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood sugar levels would rise to dangerous levels.
B)  Blood sugar levels would be unaffected.
C)  ACTH production would cease.
D)  CRH production would cease.
E)  Cortisol production would cease.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E) A

Exam 47: Chemical Signals in Animals

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following hormones does not act using a second messenger system?

Correct Answer
verified

People with type II diabetes mellitus have defective insulin receptors that cannot respond to insulin properly.Relative to normal individuals,what would be the effect on blood glucose levels of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

Correct Answer
verified
B

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What property of the steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the hypothalamus (H) and the anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) lobes of the pituitary?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following hormone does not act via a second messenger system?

Correct Answer
verified

How are small amounts of hormones amplified?

Correct Answer
verified

Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?

Correct Answer
verified

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?

Correct Answer
verified

When a person drinks alcohol the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following could account for the increase in urination?

Correct Answer
verified

If a biochemist discovers a new molecule,which of the following pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule is a steroid hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures.The more calcium in the bones,the better the bone density.Which of the following would have the greatest effect on calcium levels in the bones?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best describes the neuroendocrine-to-endocrine pathway of hormone action?

Correct Answer
verified

Patients diagnosed with hypercortisolism may have tumors that secrete _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following is similar in structure to cholesterol?

Correct Answer
verified

Signal transduction occurs when a chemical message at the cell surface elicits a response inside the cell.Which one of the following events is not associated with signal transduction?

Correct Answer
verified

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol,ACTH,and CRH.What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Exam 47: Chemical Signals in Animals

Glucocorticoids do which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormones does not act using a second messenger system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with type II diabetes mellitus have defective insulin receptors that cannot respond to insulin properly.Relative to normal individuals,what would be the effect on blood glucose levels of chronic stress that kept blood cortisol levels high?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section.Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you it is an endocrine gland.Which of the following would you then know is a true statement about this structure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What property of the steroid hormones allows them to cross the phospholipid bilayer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between the hypothalamus (H) and the anterior (AP) and posterior (PP) lobes of the pituitary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following hormone does not act via a second messenger system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are small amounts of hormones amplified?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Removing which of the following glands would have the most wide-reaching effect on bodily functions of an adult human?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Polypeptides can have which of the following types of effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a person drinks alcohol the rate of urination increases.This suggests that antidiuretic hormone (ADH) may be affected by alcohol consumption in some way.Which of the following could account for the increase in urination?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a biochemist discovers a new molecule,which of the following pieces of data would allow her to draw the conclusion that the molecule is a steroid hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the individual is at a higher risk of fractures.The more calcium in the bones,the better the bone density.Which of the following would have the greatest effect on calcium levels in the bones?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the neuroendocrine-to-endocrine pathway of hormone action?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients diagnosed with hypercortisolism may have tumors that secrete _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is similar in structure to cholesterol?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Signal transduction occurs when a chemical message at the cell surface elicits a response inside the cell.Which one of the following events is not associated with signal transduction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The regulation of blood sugar levels and our stress responses are controlled in part by a negative feedback loop involving cortisol,ACTH,and CRH.What would likely be the result during times of stress if cortisol receptors in the hypothalamus were nonfunctional?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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B

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A

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A