Question 1

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Accepted Answer

A)   made the objects themselves.
B)   had received training in creative thinking.
C)   had been preselected as "creative" individuals.
D)   were told they were expected to be creative.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

The radiation problem can be solved using

Accepted Answer

A)   representation and restructuring.
B)   means-end analysis.
C)   warmth judgments.
D)   mental set.E) None of the above
F) All of the above A

Question 3

Holly was in her mother-in-law's kitchen preparing lunch for the family. When she was ready to dish up the soup, she searched all the cupboards and drawers for a ladle but couldn't find one. She decided to wait until her mother-in-law returned to ask her where the ladle was, leaving the soup in the stove pot. Her mother-in-law later explained that the ladle had been broken, so she told Holly to use a coffee mug to "spoon" the soup into bowls. Holly's ability to solve the "dish up the soup" problem was hindered by which of the following obstacles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Discriminability
B)   Perseveration
C)   Divergent thinking
D)   Functional fixednessE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Accepted Answer

A)   Daydreaming
B)   Analysis
C)   Mindfulness
D)   SolitudeE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Accepted Answer

A)   Analogy
B)   Search
C)   Insight
D)   RepresentationE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Accepted Answer

A)   the solution is immediately obvious.
B)   there is an obstacle between the present state and the goal state.
C)   the initial state is not clearly defined.
D)   the goal state is not clearly defined.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n)  _________________ state.

Accepted Answer

A)   functional fixedness
B)   goal
C)   intermediate
D)   initialE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

Accepted Answer

Potential drawbacks to group brainstorming include:

1. Groupthink: In a group setting, there is a risk of group members conforming to the majority opinion rather than critically evaluating ideas.

2. Dominant personalities: Some individuals may dominate the discussion, making it difficult for quieter members to contribute their ideas.

3. Lack of focus: Without clear guidelines, group brainstorming sessions can easily veer off track and become unproductive.

4. Time constraints: Group brainstorming can be time-consuming, especially if there are many ideas to consider.

To address these issues, the following strategies could be used:

1. Encourage diversity of thought: Assign a facilitator to ensure that all ideas are considered and that diverse perspectives are valued.

2. Use anonymous brainstorming: This can help minimize the impact of dominant personalities and encourage quieter members to participate.

3. Set clear objectives and guidelines: Provide a structure for the brainstorming session to keep it focused and productive.

4. Set time limits for each idea: This can help prevent the session from dragging on and ensure that all ideas are given equal consideration.

Overall, by implementing these strategies, group brainstorming can be a valuable tool for generating innovative ideas and solutions.

Question 9

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tower of Hanoi problem
B)   Two-string problem
C)   Mutilated checkerboard problem
D)   The radiation problemE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)   Noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection
B)   Mapping corresponding parts between the problems because the elements are difficult to identify
C)   Applying the mapping to generate a parallel solution because of the difficulty in generalizing from one problem to another
D)   Solving the problem through reorganization because past experience can make it more difficult to reorganize a problemE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Likening the dangerous mines to the dangerous tumor
B)   Developing schemas for each individual problem
C)   Connecting the fortress with the tumor
D)   Generalizing from groups of soldiers to using many rays to solve the problemE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parietal lobe
B)   Prefrontal cortex
C)   Temporal lobe
D)   Cingulate gyrusE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Insight refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   prior learning facilitating problem solving.
B)   prior learning hindering problem solving.
C)   the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience.
D)   the sudden realization of a problem's solution.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 14

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mindfulness
B)   Insight
C)   Incubation
D)   DaydreamingE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

Accepted Answer

A)   Is difficult
B)   Involves obstacles between one's current state and a desired goal
C)   Has one correct answer
D)   The solution is not obviousE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s)  an important role in solving scientific problems.

Accepted Answer

A)   analogies
B)   insight
C)   flexibility
D)   subgoalsE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Finke's "creating an object" experiment had participants create a novel object by combining parts. Once they created an object, they were given the name of an object category and instructed to interpret their creation as a practical object or device within that category. Finke used the term preinventive forms to describe the

Accepted Answer

A)   object parts.
B)   novel objects before a function was described.
C)   practical objects within the category.
D)   inventions rated high in both practicality and originality.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Accepted Answer

A)   Problem Formulation: Fact Finding
B)   Solution Implementation: Idea Finding
C)   Problem Generation: Evaluation and Selection
D)   Problem Solving: PlanningE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Experts _________________ than novices.

Accepted Answer

A)   spend less time analyzing problems
B)   are better at reasoning in general
C)   are more likely to be open to new ways of looking at problems
D)   take a more effective approach to organizing the solution to a problemE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   initial state.
B)   operators.
C)   goal state.
D)   intermediate states.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Correct Answer
verified

The radiation problem can be solved using

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Correct Answer
verified

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Correct Answer
verified

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

Correct Answer
verified

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

Correct Answer
verified

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Correct Answer
verified

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Correct Answer
verified

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Correct Answer
verified

Insight refers to

Correct Answer
verified
D

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

Correct Answer
verified

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Correct Answer
verified

Experts _________________ than novices.

Correct Answer
verified

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Finke's creating an object studies show that people were more likely to come up with creative uses for preinventive objects if they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The radiation problem can be solved using

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with people who are considered highly creative?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the core concept underlying the Gestalt perspective on problems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top. She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach. How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) _________________ state.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the process of analogical problem solving was applied to the fortress and radiation problems, which of the following represented the mapping step of this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research conducted by Chi and Snyder demonstrated that the Gestalt-style perceptual grouping of items occurs in which region of the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insight refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedD

________ occurs when a person gives up trying to solve a tough problem and then suddenly comes up with the answer while doing something else.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not part of a complete definition of a problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The text's discussion of the research on in vivo problem solving highlighted that _________________ play(s) an important role in solving scientific problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly pairs a problem-solving stage with a process under Basadur's model?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experts _________________ than novices.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified