Question 1

Which of the following accurately describe aspects of genetically modified foods? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   The United States is the leading producer of genetically modified (GM)  foods.
B)   Developing countries are planting GM crops at a more rapid rate than rich countries.
C)   A high percentage of fresh fruits and vegetables are GM.
D)   Foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals may be introduced in the near future.
E)   Highly processed foods contain a low percentage of GM ingredients.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Increasing low-fat milk intake as a saliva substitute can offer protection against caries for patients experiencing xerostomia, because physical properties of milk are comparable to saliva.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Each of the following groups represent situations presenting high caries risk except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parents of young children
B)   Periodontal patients
C)   Polypharmacy
D)   Orthodontic patients
E)   VegansF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 4

Xylitol-containing chewing gums reduce caries rates by inhibiting microbial growth. The dental hygienist should recommend antacids and cough drops as salivary substitutes because they have anticariogenic properties.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The timing of an acidic food within a meal has little effect on cariogenicity. Cariogenic foods create less risk of enamel demineralization if followed by a noncariogenic or cariostatic food.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Each of the following is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Longer exposure leads increases risk of demineralization.
B)   Longer exposure increases opportunity for remineralization.
C)   The Stephan curve shows pH changes within plaque after rinsing with a sugar solution.
D)   The critical pH at which enamel decalcification occurs is 5.5 or less.
E)   Frequency of carbohydrate consumption increases caries risk.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Energy drinks cause all of the following conditions except one. Which one is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nervousness
B)   Bradycardia
C)   Seizures
D)   Dental caries
E)   Cardiac arrestF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 8

While assessing the quality of a patient's meal pattern and eating habits, which of the following are components the dental hygienist should include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   A food diary
B)   MyPlate used as a guide
C)   Asking patient to highlight all fermentable carbohydrates on the food diary
D)   Classify each fermentable carbohydrate as high quality or low quality
E)   Suggesting cariogenic snacks that provide the longest oral clearance timeF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Tooth surfaces have remineralization potential because the plaque biofilms in saliva provide a buffering action.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 10

Although cheeses contain caries inhibitive casein, chewing hard cheeses increase caries potential because lactose is cariogenic.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Which is the least significant factor influencing development of dental caries?

Accepted Answer

A)   Susceptibility of the host or tooth
B)   A sufficient quantity of cariogenic microorganisms in the mouth
C)   An adequate supply of saliva
D)   The presence of fermentable carbohydratesE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Participants in the Vipeholm study who ate foods high in sugar between meals had a significantly higher decay rate than participants who consumed these foods at mealtime only. This result supports the concept that parents should refrain from giving between meal snacks to children.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Which food selection has the most fermentable carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dairy desserts
B)   Cookies
C)   Sodas or sugar sweetened fruit drinks
D)   Cakes
E)   CandyF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

An excellent snack for dental hygienists to recommend is raisins. The pH of diet and regular soft drinks, bottled teas, and sports drink ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species.
B)   Salmonella and Listeria species.
C)   Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Salmonella species.
D)   Listeria and Botulinum species and Escherichia coli.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the critical pH of 5.5 is reached. In interproximal areas or in deep pits and fissures, the pH can decrease to 5 and remain at that pH for 30 minutes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial to the host. Emerging research indicates consumption of probiotics may have properties that interrupt caries formation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both statements are true.
B)   Both statements are false.
C)   The first statement is true; the second is false.
D)   The first statement is false; the second is true.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Polysaccharides such as rice, potatoes, and corn (starches)  are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.

Accepted Answer

A)   Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B)   Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C)   The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D)   The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E)   Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describe cariogenic potential of foods, habits, and digestion? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Fresh fruits are highly cariogenic.
B)   Fruit juice can cause dental caries in toddlers.
C)   Slow oral clearance of a fermentable carbohydrate prolongs the exposure of a tooth to oral acids.
D)   Sharing eating utensils with another person can transmit Streptococcus mutans.
E)   An acidic saliva, measured by a high pH level, protects teeth from decay.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Exam 18: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Polysaccharides such as rice, potatoes, and corn (starches) are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.

Correct Answer
verified

Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial to the host. Emerging research indicates consumption of probiotics may have properties that interrupt caries formation.

Correct Answer
verified

While assessing the quality of a patient's meal pattern and eating habits, which of the following are components the dental hygienist should include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the least significant factor influencing development of dental caries?

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following groups represent situations presenting high caries risk except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct Answer
verified

Tooth surfaces have remineralization potential because the plaque biofilms in saliva provide a buffering action.

Correct Answer
verified

Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:

Correct Answer
verified

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the critical pH of 5.5 is reached. In interproximal areas or in deep pits and fissures, the pH can decrease to 5 and remain at that pH for 30 minutes.

Correct Answer
verified

Increasing low-fat milk intake as a saliva substitute can offer protection against caries for patients experiencing xerostomia, because physical properties of milk are comparable to saliva.

Correct Answer
verified

Although cheeses contain caries inhibitive casein, chewing hard cheeses increase caries potential because lactose is cariogenic.

Correct Answer
verified

Xylitol-containing chewing gums reduce caries rates by inhibiting microbial growth. The dental hygienist should recommend antacids and cough drops as salivary substitutes because they have anticariogenic properties.

Correct Answer
verified

An excellent snack for dental hygienists to recommend is raisins. The pH of diet and regular soft drinks, bottled teas, and sports drink ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following accurately describe aspects of genetically modified foods? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

Participants in the Vipeholm study who ate foods high in sugar between meals had a significantly higher decay rate than participants who consumed these foods at mealtime only. This result supports the concept that parents should refrain from giving between meal snacks to children.

Correct Answer
verified

Which food selection has the most fermentable carbohydrate?

Correct Answer
verified

The timing of an acidic food within a meal has little effect on cariogenicity. Cariogenic foods create less risk of enamel demineralization if followed by a noncariogenic or cariostatic food.

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct Answer
verified

Energy drinks cause all of the following conditions except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following accurately describe cariogenic potential of foods, habits, and digestion? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 18: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Polysaccharides such as rice, potatoes, and corn (starches) are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Probiotics are live bacteria that are beneficial to the host. Emerging research indicates consumption of probiotics may have properties that interrupt caries formation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While assessing the quality of a patient's meal pattern and eating habits, which of the following are components the dental hygienist should include? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the least significant factor influencing development of dental caries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following groups represent situations presenting high caries risk except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tooth surfaces have remineralization potential because the plaque biofilms in saliva provide a buffering action.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary bacteria involved in initiation of dental caries are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Demineralization of enamel occurs when the critical pH of 5.5 is reached. In interproximal areas or in deep pits and fissures, the pH can decrease to 5 and remain at that pH for 30 minutes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increasing low-fat milk intake as a saliva substitute can offer protection against caries for patients experiencing xerostomia, because physical properties of milk are comparable to saliva.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although cheeses contain caries inhibitive casein, chewing hard cheeses increase caries potential because lactose is cariogenic.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Xylitol-containing chewing gums reduce caries rates by inhibiting microbial growth. The dental hygienist should recommend antacids and cough drops as salivary substitutes because they have anticariogenic properties.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An excellent snack for dental hygienists to recommend is raisins. The pH of diet and regular soft drinks, bottled teas, and sports drink ranges from 2.5 to 3.5.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately describe aspects of genetically modified foods? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participants in the Vipeholm study who ate foods high in sugar between meals had a significantly higher decay rate than participants who consumed these foods at mealtime only. This result supports the concept that parents should refrain from giving between meal snacks to children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which food selection has the most fermentable carbohydrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The timing of an acidic food within a meal has little effect on cariogenicity. Cariogenic foods create less risk of enamel demineralization if followed by a noncariogenic or cariostatic food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following is true regarding oral exposure to fermentable carbohydrates except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Energy drinks cause all of the following conditions except one. Which one is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately describe cariogenic potential of foods, habits, and digestion? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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