Question 1

According to John Bowlby, there is an evolutionary basis for the development of stranger anxiety.Learning to stay close to familiar persons helps infants to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  not be abducted by strangers
B)  not follow unfamiliar people so that they become lost
C)  be protected and safe
D)  learn object discriminationE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

What is an internalized set of moral standards that guide toddlers' emotions and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  a moral compass
B)  an emotional dictum
C)  a conscience
D)  a cultural standardE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Barbara Rogoff extended Vygotsky's theory.She discussed the teaching interaction between two people as they participate in a culturally valued activity.What did she call this concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding
B)  cultural sensitivity
C)  zone of proximal development
D)  guided participationE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

__________ is a disease caused by protein deficiency; it lowers the effectiveness of the immune system, making toddlers more vulnerable to disease and, over time, can lead to coma and death.

Accepted Answer

A)  marasmus
B)  rickets
C)  kwashiorkor
D)  anemiaE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following gave Homo sapiens a clear evolutionary advantage?

Accepted Answer

A)  sense of smell
B)  language
C)  keen vision
D)  strong hearingE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Which of the following are secondary emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness, disgust, and joy
B)  anger, fear, and happiness
C)  shame, guilt, and embarrassment
D)  surprise, sadness, and angerE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

In Kenya, Makena, who is 2 years old, is learning to control her elimination.Who is probably guiding her in this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  her mother
B)  her father
C)  her aunt
D)  her older sisterE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Which statement describes the conclusion of a meta-analysis that combined findings from 127 longitudinal studies exploring the relationship between attachment quality assessed in early childhood and later emotional and social development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early childhood attachment style predicts emotional stability and relationship quality in adulthood.
B)  The predictive power of attachment quality in early childhood strengthens with time and is strongest during adolescence.
C)  The predictive power of attachment quality in early childhood weakens with time and fades by late adolescence.
D)  Researchers are unable to draw any definitive conclusions regarding the relationship between early childhood attachment and adult development.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Whose theory of cognitive development is often referred to as a sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  R.J.Sternberg
B)  Jean Piaget
C)  Lev Vygotsky
D)  B.F.SkinnerE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Which statement describes the major limitation social scientists faced while conducting research for the NICHD Study of Early Child Care?

Accepted Answer

A)  Research on young children is rarely consistent.
B)  The sample size of the study was too small to be generalizable.
C)  Research conducted in a laboratory setting does not accurately predict real life.
D)  The participants were not randomly assigned into child-care groups.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

What has research of toddler EEGs revealed that reflects advances in cognitive and language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a sharp decrease in cortical activity from 18 to 24 months.
B)  There is a steady decline in cortical activity after 12 months.
C)  There is a steady increase in cortical activity after 12 months.
D)  There is a sharp increase in cortical activity from 18 to 24 months.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

When children with Autism Spectrum Disorder become adults, what percentage of them continue to live with their parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  30%
B)  50%
C)  60%
D)  85%E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 13

When do children begin to use personal pronouns for the first time (e.g., I, me, etc.)  and refer to themselves by their own names?

Accepted Answer

A)  9 months
B)  12 months
C)  18 months
D)  24 monthsE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

During toddlerhood, children do not need as much __________ to maintain a constant body temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)  clothing
B)  body contact with their mothers
C)  body hair
D)  body fatE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

According to the text, toddlers not only sleep less than infants, but they tend to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep more during the day
B)  sleep more at night
C)  have more nightmares
D)  have more REM sleepE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

In nearly all cultures, mothers play a central role in the care of infants and toddlers.How does the role of the father factor into traditional cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fathers are heavily involved in the birth process and in early child care.
B)  Fathers are heavily involved in the birth process but do little in child care.
C)  Fathers are often excluded entirely from the birth process but are heavily involved in early child care.
D)  Fathers are often excluded entirely from the birth process and are rarely involved in daily child care.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

What is true about paternal involvement in infant care among some African hunter-gatherer communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aka fathers spend one-fourth of their day holding or being near their infants.
B)  Aka fathers spend more than half of their day holding or being near their infants.
C)  Manus fathers spend half of their day holding or being near their infants.
D)  Manus fathers rarely receive custody of children after a marital separation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

A toddler seeking a blanket or stuffed animal for comfort is an example of that toddler practicing which of the following emotional self-regulation techniques?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral regulation of emotions
B)  language to regulate emotions
C)  internal stimuli to regulate emotions
D)  sociomoral regulation of emotionsE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

In which stage of development does synaptic density peak?

Accepted Answer

A)  toddlerhood
B)  childhood
C)  infancy
D)  early adulthoodE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which psychologist was the first to begin examining cognitive development within a cultural emphasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jean Piaget
B)  Lev Vygotsky
C)  B.F.Skinner
D)  R.J.SternbergE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Exam 5: Toddlerhood

Which of the following gave Homo sapiens a clear evolutionary advantage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which psychologist was the first to begin examining cognitive development within a cultural emphasis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement describes the conclusion of a meta-analysis that combined findings from 127 longitudinal studies exploring the relationship between attachment quality assessed in early childhood and later emotional and social development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Bowlby, there is an evolutionary basis for the development of stranger anxiety.Learning to stay close to familiar persons helps infants to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is true about paternal involvement in infant care among some African hunter-gatherer communities?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ is a disease caused by protein deficiency; it lowers the effectiveness of the immune system, making toddlers more vulnerable to disease and, over time, can lead to coma and death.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Kenya, Makena, who is 2 years old, is learning to control her elimination.Who is probably guiding her in this process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are secondary emotions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When children with Autism Spectrum Disorder become adults, what percentage of them continue to live with their parents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A toddler seeking a blanket or stuffed animal for comfort is an example of that toddler practicing which of the following emotional self-regulation techniques?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has research of toddler EEGs revealed that reflects advances in cognitive and language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whose theory of cognitive development is often referred to as a sociocultural theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which stage of development does synaptic density peak?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In nearly all cultures, mothers play a central role in the care of infants and toddlers.How does the role of the father factor into traditional cultures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When do children begin to use personal pronouns for the first time (e.g., I, me, etc.) and refer to themselves by their own names?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During toddlerhood, children do not need as much __________ to maintain a constant body temperature.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barbara Rogoff extended Vygotsky's theory.She discussed the teaching interaction between two people as they participate in a culturally valued activity.What did she call this concept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, toddlers not only sleep less than infants, but they tend to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is an internalized set of moral standards that guide toddlers' emotions and behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement describes the major limitation social scientists faced while conducting research for the NICHD Study of Early Child Care?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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