A) to dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages.
B) largely surpassed by the upcoming merchant class.
C) still powerful, but with little new blood to keep it vital.
D) extremely uneducated compared to the nobility of the Middle Ages.
E) to disappear by the early seventeenth century.
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Multiple Choice
A) Baldassare Castiglione.
B) Giovanni Pico della Mirandola.
C) Girolamo Savanarola.
D) Niccolò Machiavelli
E) Cosimo de Medici.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) Florence.
B) the Papal States.
C) Milan.
D) Mantua.
E) Naples.
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A) reached its height in the early sixteenth century.
B) was universally condemned by the Catholic Church.
C) disappeared entirely by the early fifteenth century.
D) experienced a slow decline.
E) saw slaves from Africa and the eastern Mediterranean used mostly as courtly domestic servants and as skilled workers.
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Multiple Choice
A) an example of a skilled, intelligent, independent Italian warrior prince.
B) an outspoken advocate of Italian unification.
C) a callous, disloyal prince, loathed by the papacy.
D) strictly opposed to the proliferation of condottieri in Italy.
E) a pious subject of the papacy.
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Multiple Choice
A) colonization.
B) the slave trade.
C) agriculture.
D) military conquest.
E) trade.
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Short Answer
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Multiple Choice
A) patronize Renaissance culture.
B) participate in temporal authority at the expense of their spiritual responsibilities.
C) attempt to return to the papacy to more humble times.
D) combat church councils.
E) involve themselves in politics and war.
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Multiple Choice
A) Ali.
B) Murad III.
C) Lazar I.
D) Mehmet II.
E) Ibrahim Pasha.
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Multiple Choice
A) They had less mastery of the laws of perspective than many Italian painters.
B) The most influential artist was Jan van Eyck.
C) There was an emphasis on illuminated manuscripts and wooden panel painting.
D) They valued the secular human form as the primary subject of painting.
E) They never portrayed the human body.
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Multiple Choice
A) rebirth.
B) new world.
C) maturation.
D) escape.
E) culture.
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True/False
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Multiple Choice
A) Aristotle.
B) Plato.
C) Cicero.
D) Marcus Aurelius.
E) Suetonius.
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Multiple Choice
A) Gonzaga.
B) Bardi.
C) Sforza.
D) Medici.
E) Machiavelli.
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Multiple Choice
A) pertained predominantly to secular works, as theological works were still done by hand.
B) saw the invention of movable type by Nicholas Fabian.
C) ensured that literacy and new knowledge would spread rapidly in European society.
D) made communication and collaborative work between scholars more difficult due to competition.
E) had little impact until the eighteenth century.
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Multiple Choice
A) the Italian republics.
B) the kingdom of France.
C) Ferdinand and Isabella.
D) Constantinople.
E) North German coastal towns.
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Multiple Choice
A) continued the trend toward decentralization.
B) were focused upon the acquisition and expansion of power.
C) attempted to build up the nobility for support.
D) accepted the domination of the church as a matter of course.
E) All of these are correct.
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Multiple Choice
A) the elimination of religious images in painting and sculpture.
B) the realistic portrayal of the human nude.
C) to reject the trend of realism and emphasize abstract artistic forms.
D) the exclusion of humans in favor of purely sacred images.
E) a refusal to study mathematical laws and anatomical structures.
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