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The greatest challenge for journalism organizations today is


A) obtaining access to high-level political leaders.
B) protecting themselves from libel and slander lawsuits.
C) generating enough revenue to finance traditional investigative journalism.
D) fact-checking the stories written by their journalists and columnists.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called


A) bell ringers.
B) whistle-blowers.
C) adversarial journalists.
D) watchdogs.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Advertising revenue at print newspapers is currently ________ what it was in 2005.


A) roughly equal to
B) one-tenth
C) half
D) more than double

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following statements best describes where younger and older Americans get their news?


A) Social media tend to be a secondary news source after television for most Americans but a primary news source for the young.
B) Social media tend to be a primary news source after television for most Americans but a secondary news source for the young.
C) Social media has become the primary news source for Americans of all ages.
D) Despite an increase in the number of people who get their news through social media, newspapers remain the primary news source for Americans of all ages.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The MOST important selection bias in news is the


A) ideology of the journalists.
B) audience appeal of a story.
C) economic interests of the media's owners.
D) approval of government regulators.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Privately owned media companies in the United States earn most of their revenue from


A) advertising.
B) subscriptions.
C) government grants.
D) charitable donations.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The First Amendment assigns a special place for the media by protecting freedom of speech and freedom of the press.What are the three primary roles that the media should serve in a democratic society? What are some of the challenges the American media faces in fulfilling these roles? In your answer, be sure to address the impact of the profit motive in American media coverage and the country's unique system of media ownership.

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The Communications Decency Act


A) made it illegal to make "indecent" sexual material on the internet accessible to those under age 18.
B) made it illegal to broadcast explicit sexual and excretory references between 6 A.M.and 10 P.M.on the radio and on television.
C) imposed a tax on all websites containing obscene material.
D) required that individuals be given the opportunity to respond to personal attacks broadcast on radio and television.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The fact that Democrats referred to the Obama administration's health care initiative as "reform" instead of as "rationing" is an example of


A) agenda-setting.
B) framing.
C) sound bites.
D) adversarial journalism.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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If a television station sold commercial time to a Republican candidate for governor but refused to sell time to the Democratic candidate for governor, this station would be in violation of the


A) Telecommunications Act of 1996.
B) fairness doctrine.
C) equal time rule.
D) Communications Decency Act.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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________ is the power the media has to shape what issues Americans think about, and ________ is the power the media has to influence how Americans think about those issues.


A) Agenda-setting; framing
B) Framing; agenda-setting
C) Framing; priming
D) Priming; framing

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which agency regulates broadcast media?


A) Federal Bureau of Investigation
B) Federal Communications Commission
C) Public Broadcast System
D) Department of Commerce

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The Telecommunications Act of 1996 was important because it


A) ended the federal government's licensing of radio and television stations.
B) established the fairness doctrine.
C) allowed for less concentration of media ownership than had been possible since regulation of the industry began in 1934.
D) allowed for greater concentration of media ownership than had been possible since regulation of the industry began in 1934.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States?


A) Most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites are owned and operated by the federal government.
B) Most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites are owned and operated by state governments.
C) A small number of giant, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites.
D) A large number of small, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is owned by


A) the government, but it is allowed to report whatever it wants.
B) a private corporation, but it is not allowed to report anything without first receiving government approval.
C) the government and is not allowed to report anything without first receiving government approval.
D) a private corporation and is allowed to report whatever it wants.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The traditional news media aim to provide objective reporting on current events by


A) excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.
B) including the personal views of reporters and editors in their coverage.
C) quoting only official government sources in their coverage.
D) quoting only nongovernment sources in their coverage.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Public broadcasting refers to any television, radio, and digital media that


A) receives funding from the public through license fees, subsidies, or tax dollars.
B) reports extensively on government officials and political issues.
C) sells subscriptions to members of the public.
D) makes its content available to the public at no cost.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Large media conglomerates, such as the Hearst, McClatchy, and Gannett corporations, own approximately ________ percent of daily newspapers.


A) 25
B) 40
C) 55
D) 75

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Facebook has more than ________ users worldwide.


A) 100 million
B) 500 million
C) 2.2 billion
D) 3.5 billion

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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During the last decade, the number of newspaper journalists working in the United States has


A) grown by more than 40 percent.
B) decreased by 40 percent.
C) decreased by 100 percent.
D) remained constant.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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