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If a participant has been deceived,ethical considerations require that a researcher provides _____.


A) incentives
B) debriefing
C) motivation
D) counseling

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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B

Which of the following is true about research with nonhuman animal subjects?


A) Ethics is of little concern because animals have no feelings.
B) There are explicit guidelines to protect animals used for research.
C) Animals cannot be used to test the effects of drugs.
D) Psychologists do not conduct research on animals.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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B

Which of the following is true of the Tuskegee Syphilis study?


A) It was an isolated incident brought to light in 1998.
B) It took place for only one year.
C) It focused on treating individuals with syphilis using penicillin.
D) It spurred scientists to overhaul ethical regulations.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which principle of the Belmont Report would have prevented the doctors in the Tuskegee Syphilis study from selecting only African American males in their study?


A) Responsibility
B) Autonomy
C) Justice
D) Integrity

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Participants volunteered for a study on "Attitudes toward television violence." However,they completed a survey on their own aggressive behavior.After the completion of the study,the researcher failed to inform the participants about the true purpose of the study.In this case,the researcher has failed to conduct a(n) _____.


A) cost-benefit analysis
B) simulation study
C) debriefing session
D) evaluative study

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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_____ plagiarism is a form of plagiarism where the words are not directly copied without attribution,but the ideas are copied without attribution.


A) Paraphrasing
B) Word-for-word
C) Detailed
D) Substantial

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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The agreement by a minor to participate in an experiment is formally called _____.


A) consent
B) debriefing
C) exempt
D) assent

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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D

Which of the following principles of the Belmont Report requires that individuals be capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research?


A) Deliberation
B) Beneficence
C) Autonomy
D) Justice

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a potential risk that a participant may face during a research experiment?


A) Monetary loss
B) Loss of responsibility
C) Loss of confidentiality
D) Statutory loss

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The U.S.Department of Health and Human Services defines "no risk" research as:


A) research where the risks are not greater than those involved in taking routine tests.
B) research involving public behavior and public records that does not identify participants.
C) research in which participants give informed consent to the researcher.
D) research in which the participants are deceived by not providing them any information.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In a research experiment,_____ is an issue when the researcher has assured subjects that the collected data are only accessible to people with permission,generally only the researcher.


A) informed consent
B) nonmaleficence
C) integrity
D) confidentiality

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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In which of the following areas of psychology has elaborate deception been most problematic?


A) Social psychology
B) Developmental psychology
C) Parapsychology
D) Clinical psychology

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is a basic ethical principle included in the Belmont Report?


A) The risks included in the research investigations should be high.
B) The participants in the investigation are treated as autonomous decision makers.
C) All information regarding their involvement need not be disclosed to the participants.
D) There need not be any justification to bear the burden of accepting risks.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the context of debriefing,evidence collected by Milgram indicated that:


A) participants need not be debriefed after the completion of the study.
B) debriefing was effective in removing any negative effects of participation.
C) in all circumstances,the debriefing should be thorough in order to be effective.
D) participants should be aware of the actual purpose of the study.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Informed consent of participants is often a problem for researchers because:


A) understanding and signing the informed consent is time-consuming.
B) knowledge of the hypothesis may bias the participants' responses.
C) participants are rarely interested to know the details of the experiment.
D) researchers themselves are not informed completely about the procedures.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Anonymous questionnaires,surveys,and educational tests are all considered _____ research.


A) exempt
B) fraudulent
C) laboratory
D) non-ethical

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Researches involving physical stress,psychological stress,invasion of privacy,measures of sensitive information where participants may be identified are known as _____ researches.


A) exempt
B) minimal risk
C) greater than minimal risk
D) low risk

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is an example of fraudulence?


A) Jimmy is arrested by the police for robbing an old woman's house.
B) A newspaper publishes articles that did not have substantial authenticity.
C) A manager is accused of sexual harassment by his secretary.
D) Berta misplaces the money that her mother gave her as loan.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Loss of expected privacy and confidentiality are ethical issues that researchers must address when _____.


A) studying participants in public settings
B) conducting group discussions
C) collecting data from websites
D) involving children in a study

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In studying participants' physiological responses to visual stimuli,Kenneth measures the blood pressure and heart rates of the participants while they watch different genres of films.According to the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services regulations,this study would best be classified as containing _____ risk.


A) no
B) minimal
C) greater than minimal
D) maximum

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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