Question 1

Critical or creative thinking may be enhanced by each of the following strategies EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   using analogies.
B)   considering opposites.
C)   avoiding heuristics.
D)   experimenting with solutions.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

A psychological test is reliable when it:

Accepted Answer

A)   measures what it is actually supposed to measure.
B)   has been normalized using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed.
C)   yields consistent measurements.
D)   measures the positives in the test.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)   Functional fixedness
B)   A mental set
C)   Confirmation bias
D)   Representativeness heuristicE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" asks the examiner.You are taking a test of thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "How many uses can you think of...

Question 5

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A high school physics teacher reassures his...

Question 6

Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.

Accepted Answer

The response should include the followin...

Question 7

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

Accepted Answer

A)   reject both the learning theory and nativist approaches.
B)   agree that the brain is hardwired to acquire language.
C)   downplay the role of the environment in language acquisition.
D)   remain unconvinced by the idea of a language-acquisition device.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

Accepted Answer

A)   Middle- and upper-socioeconomic status blacks score the same as middle- and upper-socioeconomic status whites
B)   The black-white IQ gap remains,even when socioeconomic status is controlled.
C)   Lower-socioeconomic status blacks score higher on average than lower-socioeconomic status whites
D)   Whites score 35 points higher than blacks on traditional IQ tests even when socioeconomic status is taken into account.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

Accepted Answer

A)   making frequency estimates based on the ease with which things come to mind.
B)   overcoming mental set.
C)   mistaking visual images and other forms of mental representations for reality.
D)   assuming that something is typical of its class.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

In written language,letters most closely represent _____,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax;semantics
B)   syntax;phonemes
C)   phonemes;syntax
D)   phonemes;semanticsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Because they involve rules for moving from an initial to a goal state,many board games may be seen as examples of problems.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because they involve rules for moving from...

Question 12

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed .

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness...

Question 13

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _____;he studied problem solving among _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   Kohler;chimpanzees
B)   Kohler;humans
C)   Wundt;cats
D)   Wundt;humansE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The theory that a genetically determined,innate mechanism directs language development is known as the _____ approach.

Accepted Answer

A)   learning-theory
B)   nativist
C)   interactionist
D)   prescriptiveE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

Accepted Answer

A)   CA/MA x 100.
B)   MA/CA x 100.
C)   CA/(MA x 100) .
D)   MA/(CA x 100) .E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Means-ends analysis: dividing a problem into intermediate steps
B)   Forming subgoals: focusing on a problem's goal rather than its starting point
C)   Working backward: reducing the apparent difference between the current state of the problem and the goal
D)   Insight: experiencing a sudden awareness of the relationships among a problem's componentsE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

Accepted Answer

A)   90%
B)   75%
C)   65%
D)   50%E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

Accepted Answer

A)   The WAIS-IV is for use on males only,whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only.
B)   The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence.
C)   The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence,whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence.
D)   The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV,an older test of intelligence.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses;they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to .

Accepted Answer

The answer of People seek and remember evidence in support...

Question 20

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-third;fetal alcohol syndrome
B)   one-third;Down syndrome
C)   one-quarter;fetal alcohol syndrome
D)   one-quarter;Down syndromeE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

In written language,letters most closely represent _____,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because they involve rules for moving from an initial to a goal state,many board games may be seen as examples of problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _____;he studied problem solving among _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory that a genetically determined,innate mechanism directs language development is known as the _____ approach.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When you use the availability heuristic,you are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is the tendency to seek out and give greater weight to information that supports one's initial hypothesis and to ignore contradictory information that supports alternative hypotheses or solutions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychological test is reliable when it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which problem-solving strategy or method is correctly matched with its definition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"How many uses can you think of for a brick?" asks the examiner.You are taking a test of thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In approximately _____ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the levels of mental retardation described in the text.Associate a range of IQ scores with each level.Review what is known about the causes of mental retardation.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe response should include the followin...View AnswerShow Answer

Critical or creative thinking may be enhanced by each of the following strategies EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A high school physics teacher reassures his class that no matter how confusing that week's word problems appear,they can be solved quite handily through the use of the formula F = MA.The teacher has offered his students a(n).

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People seek and remember evidence in support of their existing hypotheses;they ignore or discount contradictory evidence.In other words,people are prone to .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following findings supports the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If MA stands for mental age and CA for chronological age,then the formula for the intelligence quotient score as Binet defined it is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Eureka! I've got it!" That sudden awareness of the path toward a problem's solution is termed .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of those who are mentally retarded,what percentage are classified as mildly retarded?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In written language,letters most closely represent _,whereas sentences may be said to reflect _.

Correct Answer
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The study of insight is associated with the German psychologist _;he studied problem solving among _.

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In approximately _ of the cases of mental retardation there is an identifiable cause related to biological or environmental factors;the most common of these is _.

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The response should include the followin...
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