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Describe the basic procedures used in a nonequivalent control group design and create three sets of hypothetical data showing (a) treatment effectiveness, (b) treatment apparently effective, but could be due to a selection by history confound, and (c) treatment apparently effective, but could be due to regression to the mean.

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The basic procedures used in a nonequiva...

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Describe Ulrich's "room with a view" study as an example of a quasi-experimental design using archival data. Conclude with a general discussion of the benefits and limitations of archival research.

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Ulrich's "room with a view" study is a c...

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In a nonequivalent control group study,


A) the experiment group gets a pretest, then the experimental treatment, then a posttest
B) subjects have to be assigned to the control group by means of a matching procedure
C) to interpret the results, the pretest scores have to be identical for the two groups
D) random assignment can be used if sample size is large enough

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Describe the defining feature a quasi-experimental design.

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The defining feature of a quasi-experime...

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Formative evaluation is to summative evaluation as ________ is to ________ .


A) before; after
B) before; during
C) during; before
D) during; after

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Using the system developed by Campbell and Stanley, which design is this? Using the system developed by Campbell and Stanley, which design is this? A) P x E factorial design B) an archival experiment C) nonequivalent control group design D) interrupted time series design


A) P x E factorial design
B) an archival experiment
C) nonequivalent control group design
D) interrupted time series design

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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It is sometimes said that program evaluation research is susceptible to Type II errors. What does this mean?


A) significant effects are found, which later turn out to be phony effects
B) small program effects might truly exist, but the measuring tools aren't sensitive enough to detect them
C) program evaluators often use only descriptive statistics and ignore inferential ones
D) program evaluators often fail to take costs into account in their analyses

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A needs analysis is designed to answer the question:


A) Is this program currently working the way it is supposed to work?
B) Did this program produce the effects it was supposed to produce?
C) Should we develop this program?
D) Which of these two very effective programs should we continue?

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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A cost-effectiveness analysis is designed to answer the question:


A) Is this program working the way it is supposed to work?
B) Did this program produce the effects it was supposed to produce?
C) Should you develop this program?
D) Which of these two very effective programs should we continue?

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Applied research


A) was important to American psychologists from the beginning of psychology in the U.S.
B) became important to American psychologists after World War II
C) has never been as important to American psychologists as basic research
D) has only recently become popular among American psychologists

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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According to Campbell, why is regression to the mean such a likely explanation when evaluating the effects of social programs (e.g., speeding crackdowns) ?


A) programs to fix some problem are usually begun after an especially bad year
B) program evaluation is always correlational rather than experimental
C) it is usually easy to rule out all other confounds
D) regression is the one confound that cannot be evaluated by comparison with a control group

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is true about Smith and Smoll's study on the training program for coaches?


A) it used a nonequivalent control group design
B) it was an example of an interrupted time series design
C) it was a formative evaluation
D) unlike similar studies, there was no pretest given

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Stolzenberg and D'Alessio et al. used a(n) __________ design to evaluate the effects of a change in a felony sentencing law in California.

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interrupte...

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Early psychologists often tried to adapt laboratory methods to solve applied problems. For instance, Stanford psychologist Walter Miles tried to help the football team by adapting which method?


A) maze learning
B) mental testing
C) reaction time
D) trend analysis

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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In a(n) ___________ design, both groups get pretests and posttests, but just one group gets the experimental treatment.

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nonequival...

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The following questions relate to this study: Teachers in a local school district are given a test of computer literacy (0-100, with 100 being perfect) . Then during the school year they have monthly in-service programs designed to improve their computer literacy. Their computer knowledge is assessed again at the end of the year. Their average pretest score is 40 and their average posttest score is 80. Teachers in a comparable school district aren't given the training, but they do get the pretest and posttest. -What pretest-posttest combination for the second group would make you suspect that regression produced at least some of the change in the first group?


A) 50 - 50
B) 30 - 70
C) 40 - 80
D) 80 - 80

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Ulrich's "room with a view" study includes all of the following except


A) archival data
B) an independent variable
C) limits on the type of patients studied
D) random room assignment

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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__________ often includes a survey of people who will be affected by the program in question.

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To see if a flextime program improved worker absenteeism, records were examined for six months prior to and six months following the program's institution. What design is this?


A) time series with control group
B) nonequivalent control group
C) multiple pretest-posttest
D) interrupted time series

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In program evaluation research, what is meant by the problem of "leakage?"


A) people in one group discover how people in another group are being treated
B) people in one group switch to another group
C) it's another name for attrition
D) stakeholders give away the purpose of the study in order to sabotage it

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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