Question 1

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  urogram.
B)  renogram.
C)  nephrograph.
D)  pyelogram.
E)  pelvigram.F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Peristaltic contractions,beginning at the renal pelvis,sweep along the ureter,forcing urine toward the urinary bladder.In a normal,healthy person,how often do these contractions occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  12-15 times a minute
B)  every 30 seconds or so
C)  once every minute
D)  every 2 minutes
E)  It is not known how often these contractions occur.F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

Briefly explain the difference between chronic and acute renal failure.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function.
B)  Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss of renal function,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss of renal function.
C)  Chronic renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine.
D)  Chronic renal failure is a gradual loss in the ability to concentrate urine,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to concentrate urine.
E)  Chronic renal failure is the gradual loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose,whereas acute renal failure is a sudden loss in the ability to reabsorb glucose.F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Urine is transported by the ________,stored within the ________,and eliminated through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra; urinary bladder; ureters
B)  ureters; urinary bladder; urethra
C)  urinary bladder; ureters; urethra
D)  urethra; ureters; urinary bladder
E)  ureters; urethra; urinary bladderF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Explain why blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries than in other systemic capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole drains into peritubular capillaries.
B)  Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the distal convoluted tubule constricts the afferent arteriole.
C)  Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the kidneys are in close proximity to the renal arteries.
D)  Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because less proteins enter the afferent arterioles.
E)  Blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries because the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

What does the juxtaglomerular complex do in response to decreased filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases aldosterone production and release.
B)  It increases ADH production and release.
C)  It decreases ADH production and release.
D)  It increases renin production and release.
E)  It decreases renin production and release.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination.This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.

Accepted Answer

A)  incontinence
B)  dysuria
C)  pyelonephritis
D)  renal calculi
E)  urinary retentionF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 8

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

Accepted Answer

A)  the proximal convoluted tubule.
B)  the distal convoluted tubule.
C)  the collecting duct.
D)  the nephron loop.
E)  both the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Define countercurrent multiplication as it occurs in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in opposite directions.
B)  The exchange of substances in the adjacent limbs of the nephron loop containing fluid moving in the same directions.
C)  The cycling of urea from the collecting duct to the nephron loop and back.
D)  The bulk reabsorption of substances in the proximal convoluted tubule and the bulk movement of water due to osmosis.
E)  The secretion of ions in response to hormones in the distal convoluted tubule.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 10

List each organ of the urinary system and concisely describe its function.

Accepted Answer

Consisting of the kidneys,ureters,urinar...

Question 11

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop.
B)  proximal convoluted tubule.
C)  distal convoluted tubule.
D)  collecting loop.
E)  minor calyx.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A)  stratified squamous
B)  pseudostratified columnar
C)  simple cuboidal
D)  transitional
E)  simple columnarF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production?

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtamedullary nephrons
B)  cortical nephrons
C)  medullary nephrons
D)  pyramidal nephrons
E)  pelvic nephronsF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by increasing the number of aquaporins.
B)  is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood.
C)  causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine.
D)  increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water by decreasing the number of aquaporins.
E)  release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Discuss the changes in urinary output and possible causes of polyuria.

Accepted Answer

Polyuria is the production of ...

Question 16

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

Accepted Answer

Often the information needed for a diagn...

Question 17

The ability to consciously control urination depends on your ability to control which muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  detrusor
B)  internal urethral sphincter
C)  external urethral sphincter
D)  trigone
E)  bulbospongiosusF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  produce venoconstriction of blood reservoirs.
B)  increase the glomerular filtration rate.
C)  increase cardiac output.
D)  stimulate peripheral vasoconstriction.
E)  increase systemic blood pressure.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasa recta
B)  lamina propria
C)  trigone
D)  renal corpuscle
E)  glomerulusF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

During the micturition reflex,

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall sends impulses to the lumbar spinal cord.
B)  sympathetic motor neurons that control the detrusor muscle become active.
C)  the internal sphincter is consciously relaxed.
D)  the external sphincter is unconsciously relaxed.
E)  None of the answers is correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 24: The Urinary System

Physicians often ask for urine samples collected over a 24-hour period,rather than a single sample.Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedOften the information needed for a diagn...View AnswerShow Answer

The U-shaped segment of the nephron is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine is transported by the ________,stored within the ________,and eliminated through the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peristaltic contractions,beginning at the renal pelvis,sweep along the ureter,forcing urine toward the urinary bladder.In a normal,healthy person,how often do these contractions occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The condition called ________ is characterized by painful or difficult urination.This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define countercurrent multiplication as it occurs in the kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to consciously control urination depends on your ability to control which muscle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain why blood pressure is higher in glomerular capillaries than in other systemic capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the micturition reflex,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly explain the difference between chronic and acute renal failure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the juxtaglomerular complex do in response to decreased filtration pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by ________ epithelium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased sympathetic tone can do all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the changes in urinary output and possible causes of polyuria.

Correct AnswerverifiedPolyuria is the production of ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which type of nephron is essential for water conservation and concentrated urine production?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is a capillary plexus that parallels the nephron loop.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List each organ of the urinary system and concisely describe its function.

Correct AnswerverifiedConsisting of the kidneys,ureters,urinar...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Often the information needed for a diagn...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Urine is transported by the ,stored within the ,and eliminated through the .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Polyuria is the production of ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Consisting of the kidneys,ureters,urinar...
View Answer