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The development of scientific classification system proceeds in an orderly fashion over several years from the first steps involving description to later stages involving


A) diagnosis.
B) theory.
C) dimensions.
D) categories.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A recent advance in brain imaging allows details of both structure and function of the brain to be seem. This method is _________ .

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A clinician is using DSM-IV-TR to arrive at a diagnosis for Michael, the case presented in your text; to justify a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the clinician will have to


A) conduct extensive psychological tests.
B) refer Michael to a physician.
C) compare Michael to a specific set of criteria.
D) arrange for Michael to undergo a brain scan.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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According to the National Comorbidity Survey, what percentage of people who qualify for a diagnosis of one mental disorder in their lifetime are likely to meet the criteria for two or more disorders?


A) less than 5 percent
B) almost 100 percent
C) a little more than 50 percent
D) no more than 20 percent

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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"Kappa" is a measure of interrater reliability that describes


A) the proportion of time raters agree exactly.
B) proportion of agreement beyond chance agreement.
C) whether certain diagnoses are used disproportionately.
D) whether a clinician is equally accurate with all diagnoses.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What is a diagnosis?


A) an explanation of the etiology of a problem
B) an estimate of the chances of a full recovery
C) a description of behavior as fitting the criteria for a particular type of disorder
D) a mental health professional's estimate of the impact of family conflict on a disorder

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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You are part of a team designing a study to see if a given DSM category tends to run in families. With regards to validity your team is looking for evidence of


A) genetic validity.
B) test-retest validity.
C) reliable validity.
D) etiological validity.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Several questions on the MMPI-2 contain questions that almost everyone is likely to answer in the same way; these questions are included to catch unsophisticated attempts to avoid answering honestly and are scored on the


A) D or Deception Scale
B) L or Lie Scale
C) T or Truth Scale
D) O or Obfuscation Scale

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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What is one of the limitations of projective personality testing?


A) little information on normal individuals or children
B) focus on unconscious factors
C) clients easily see through the testing
D) standardized procedures leave little room for clinical judgment

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Mental disorders are currently classified on the basis of


A) causal mechanisms.
B) biological features.
C) descriptive features.
D) theoretical relatedness.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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A psychologist administers a series of projective tests to a client. Which major theoretical orientation is most consistent with this psychologist's preference in assessment methods?


A) behavioral
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) psychodynamic

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Why do researchers conducting epidemiological studies often employ structured interviews?


A) to reduce the need for value judgments
B) to reduce the need to establish rapport
C) to increase the validity of diagnostic decisions
D) to increase the reliability of diagnostic decisions

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What is the primary assumption of projective personality tests?


A) Self-report checklists are more efficient than interviews.
B) Visual processing errors often indicate a schizophrenic process.
C) Individuals would project unconscious feelings onto ambiguous stimuli.
D) A person's future goals reveal a lot about motivation, emotion, and personality.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In the example in the textbook of Michael he met the criteria for diagnosis for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) . Which of the following did not point toward that diagnosis?


A) He performed repetitive hand-washing rituals in response to obsessive thoughts.
B) He considered his obsessive concerns to be logical.
C) His relationships with his friends were limited due to his fear of contamination.
D) His rituals interfered with his family's income.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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