Question 1

After an individual chimp learned a new food-gathering technique, the rest of its group acquired the new skill within a few days. In turn, the newly acquired skill spread to other chimpanzee groups who could see the new behavior. According to the textbook, this is evidence for:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   observational learning.
C)   latent learning.
D)   classical conditioning.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following psychologists has conducted extensive research on observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Albert Bandura
B)   Edward L. Thorndike
C)   Edward C. Tolman
D)   Martin SeligmanE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

"Responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation." What principle does this statement describe?

Accepted Answer

A)   biological preparedness
B)   learned helplessness
C)   the law of effect
D)   the Premack principleE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Researchers found that people easily acquire a conditioned fear response to pictures of snakes and spiders when the images were paired with a mild electric shock. However, people did NOT easily acquire a conditioned fear response to pictures of flowers and mushrooms when these images were paired with a mild electric shock. According to the text discussion, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   biological preparedness.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   higher order conditioning.
D)   learned helplessness.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The different schedules of reinforcement produce different patterns of responding. In the graph shown, what do patterns C and D have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are both fixed schedules of reinforcement.
B)   They are both variable schedules of reinforcement.
C)   They are both ratio schedules of reinforcement.
D)   They are both interval schedules of reinforcement.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

Accepted Answer

A)   defined as any stimulus that automatically elicits an unconditioned response (UCR) .
B)   defined as any stimulus that automatically elicits a conditioned response (CR) .
C)   defined by the effect that it produces-increasing or strengthening behavior.
D)   based upon behaviors elicited by discriminative stimuli.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Classical conditioning is essentially the process of learning an association between two stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

John B. Watson believed that psychology should study:

Accepted Answer

A)   consciousness.
B)   observable behavior.
C)   conditioned stimuli.
D)   physiological processes.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The term elicited is:

Accepted Answer

A)   used in operant conditioning and means that the response is emitted in order to obtain a reward or avoid punishment.
B)   used in classical conditioning and means that the stimulus "draws out" or causes an existing behavior to occur.
C)   used in observational learning to refer to obtaining an imitative response, such as using a jump rope or swinging a baseball bat.
D)   used in operant conditioning to refer to creating a new response to inescapable punishment, such as passivity or unresponsiveness.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Outside of his laboratory, Pavlov was very much like the stereotypical image of the absentminded professor-forgetful, impractical, and gullible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Describe Martin Seligman's research and accomplishments, starting with learned helplessness in dogs and ending with positive psychology.

Accepted Answer

Martin Seligman is a prominent psycholog...

Question 12

How did Pavlov originally discover the phenomenon that came to be called classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, ori...

Question 13

What was Pavlov studying when he began his research on the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   the development of learned helplessness in dogs given inescapable shock
B)   the use of food rewards in training dogs
C)   reflexive responses to sound, such as ringing bells
D)   the role of saliva in digestionE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

In operant conditioning, a discriminative stimulus is defined as a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   specific stimulus in the presence of which a particular response is more likely to be reinforced.
B)   stimulus that evokes a wide variety of behaviors.
C)   consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
D)   reinforcer that is naturally reinforcing for a given species.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Behavior modification refers to the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Experimenters have identified the specific motor neurons involved in simple behavior. In one experiment, they discovered that the neuronal activity in the brain of a monkey who simply watched another monkey pick up and eat a peanut was the same as the brain activity of the monkey actually performing these actions. This research is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

A)   the partial reinforcement effect.
B)   learned helplessness.
C)   mirror neurons and the mirror neuron system.
D)   biological preparedness.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Helen always drives down Sheridan Avenue to go to the college campus. One morning Helen discovers that Sheridan Avenue is closed at Twenty-third Street because of flooding. Helen immediately takes a different route to the campus. How would psychologist Edward Tolman explain Helen's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   She is classically conditioned to fear water.
B)   She has formed a cognitive map of the area.
C)   Helen was observing the actions of others in the situation.
D)   The standing water was a reliable predictor of danger.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

What is learned helplessness, and how was it first demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a psychological ...

Question 19

If you touch something hot, you will reflexively withdraw your hand. Using Pavlov's terminology, reflexively withdrawing your hand would be termed a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus (UCS) .
B)   unconditioned response (UCR) .
C)   conditioned stimulus (CS) .
D)   conditioned response (CR) .E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Regular-coffee drinkers can develop a classically conditioned response of alertness to the smell and taste of coffee, even if the coffee is decaffeinated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Learning

John B. Watson believed that psychology should study:

Correct Answer
verified

What was Pavlov studying when he began his research on the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

How did Pavlov originally discover the phenomenon that came to be called classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, ori...
View Answer

After an individual chimp learned a new food-gathering technique, the rest of its group acquired the new skill within a few days. In turn, the newly acquired skill spread to other chimpanzee groups who could see the new behavior. According to the textbook, this is evidence for:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following psychologists has conducted extensive research on observational learning?

Correct Answer
verified

If you touch something hot, you will reflexively withdraw your hand. Using Pavlov's terminology, reflexively withdrawing your hand would be termed a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

What is learned helplessness, and how was it first demonstrated?

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Learned helplessness is a psychological ...
View Answer

The different schedules of reinforcement produce different patterns of responding. In the graph shown, what do patterns C and D have in common?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe Martin Seligman's research and accomplishments, starting with learned helplessness in dogs and ending with positive psychology.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Martin Seligman is a prominent psycholog...
View Answer

The term elicited is:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Regular-coffee drinkers can develop a classically conditioned response of alertness to the smell and taste of coffee, even if the coffee is decaffeinated.

Correct Answer
verified

Helen always drives down Sheridan Avenue to go to the college campus. One morning Helen discovers that Sheridan Avenue is closed at Twenty-third Street because of flooding. Helen immediately takes a different route to the campus. How would psychologist Edward Tolman explain Helen's behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning is essentially the process of learning an association between two stimuli.

Correct Answer
verified

In operant conditioning, a discriminative stimulus is defined as a(n) :

Correct Answer
verified

"Responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation." What principle does this statement describe?

Correct Answer
verified

Outside of his laboratory, Pavlov was very much like the stereotypical image of the absentminded professor-forgetful, impractical, and gullible.

Correct Answer
verified

Behavior modification refers to the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

John B. Watson believed that psychology should study:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Pavlov studying when he began his research on the phenomenon that eventually became known as classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Pavlov originally discover the phenomenon that came to be called classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIIvan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, ori...View AnswerShow Answer

After an individual chimp learned a new food-gathering technique, the rest of its group acquired the new skill within a few days. In turn, the newly acquired skill spread to other chimpanzee groups who could see the new behavior. According to the textbook, this is evidence for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning, reinforcement is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following psychologists has conducted extensive research on observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you touch something hot, you will reflexively withdraw your hand. Using Pavlov's terminology, reflexively withdrawing your hand would be termed a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is learned helplessness, and how was it first demonstrated?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AILearned helplessness is a psychological ...View AnswerShow Answer

The different schedules of reinforcement produce different patterns of responding. In the graph shown, what do patterns C and D have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe Martin Seligman's research and accomplishments, starting with learned helplessness in dogs and ending with positive psychology.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMartin Seligman is a prominent psycholog...View AnswerShow Answer

The term elicited is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regular-coffee drinkers can develop a classically conditioned response of alertness to the smell and taste of coffee, even if the coffee is decaffeinated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Helen always drives down Sheridan Avenue to go to the college campus. One morning Helen discovers that Sheridan Avenue is closed at Twenty-third Street because of flooding. Helen immediately takes a different route to the campus. How would psychologist Edward Tolman explain Helen's behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning is essentially the process of learning an association between two stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In operant conditioning, a discriminative stimulus is defined as a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Responses followed by a satisfying effect are strengthened and likely to occur again in a particular situation, but responses followed by a dissatisfying effect are weakened and less likely to occur again in a particular situation." What principle does this statement describe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Outside of his laboratory, Pavlov was very much like the stereotypical image of the absentminded professor-forgetful, impractical, and gullible.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behavior modification refers to the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, ori...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Learned helplessness is a psychological ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
Martin Seligman is a prominent psycholog...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified