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Exam 11: Population Distributions

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Question 1

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A researcher counts the number of individuals of a tree species between two fixed points is making a(n) _____ survey.

A) area-based
B) volume-based
C) line-transect
D) mark-recapture

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 2

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(Figure 11.5) Researchers examined data collected between 1985 and 2006 on diversity of fish in the North Sea, average bottom temperatures, and how species diversity was affected by temperature. According to the figure, what did they find? What did they conclude about the cause of the change in fish diversity?

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Over this period of increasing bottom-wa...

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Question 3

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Compare and contrast the terms dispersion and dispersal.

In populations that fit a source-sink metapopulation model, organisms in _____ subpopulations disperse into _____ subpopulations.

Answer: -Imagine that you are conducting a mark-recapture survey of common pill bugs (Armadillidium vulgare), a terrestrial isopod, in a field. Unbeknownst to you, the majority of the pill bugs molt between marking and recapturing. How does this affect your estimate of the population size? How could you have foreseen this? How could you prevent this in the future?

When individuals have perfect knowledge of habitat variation and distribute themselves in a way that allows all of them to have the same per capita benefit, they display a(n) _____ free distribution.

How do dispersal and migration differ?

When there are direct interactions among individuals in a population, _____ dispersion is favoured.

Researchers used an experimental design in which they cleared large patches of pine forest from five areas. The central cleared area served as the source of dispersers. The four remaining cleared patches were (1) a rectangular unconnected patch, (2) a rectangular patch connected to the central patch with a cleared path that served as a corridor, (3) two rectangular patches with wings (patches with corridors that did not connect to other patches). The researchers were interested in the importance of habitat corridors to the movement of seeds, pollen, and butterflies between central and peripheral habitat patches. What was the purpose of planting male winterberry plants in central patches and female winterberry plants in peripheral patches? Based on the results, what would you conclude about the importance of habitat corridors?

Which of the following populations would be best estimated by an area-based survey?

Which of the following does NOT explain why an ideal free distribution might not be achieved in nature?

What type of dispersion do many agricultural crops exhibit?

Scientists commonly use _____ dispersal distance to quantify an organism's dispersal.

(Figure 11.14) Researchers used an experimental design in which they cleared large patches of pine forest in five areas. The central cleared area served as the source of dispersers. The four remaining cleared patches were (1) a rectangular unconnected patch, (2) a rectangular patch connected to the central patch by a cleared path that served as a corridor, (3) two rectangular patches with wings (patches with corridors that did not connect to other patches). The researchers were interested in the importance of habitat corridors to the movement of seeds, pollen, and butterflies between central and peripheral habitat patches. What was the purpose of the unconnected winged patches?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a source subpopulation?

The pattern of density and spacing of individuals in a population is called the

The emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) is an insect from eastern Asia that has invaded North America. The larvae of the emerald ash borer consume the cambium and phloem under the bark of American ash trees and eventually kill the trees. How can biologists predict the spread of this invasive pest? What might explain why the emerald ash borer is more of a problem in North America than in its native range?

Measuring the lifetime dispersal distance of a species helps scientists to estimate how rapidly a growing population can increase its

Methods such as area-based, volume-based, and line-transect surveys would be best for estimations of _____ populations.

Why does reduction of a population lead to decreased geographic range?