Question 1

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

A)   The serial learning curve
B)   The behaviors of people who have sustained brain injuries
C)   The form in which information is stored in different memory tasks
D)   People's descriptions of how they remember informationE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, "Hello, Jerry." A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan's memory system did Jerry's name get?

Accepted Answer

A)   It reached the sensory register.
B)   It reached working memory.
C)   It reached long-term memory.
D)   It never got into the memory system at all.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the dual-store model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   All information that reaches the sensory register also reaches short-term memory, but only a small percentage of this information is stored in long-term memory.
B)   Information that must be remembered for a long time goes directly from the sensory register to long-term memory; less important information is stored in short-term memory.
C)   All information that enters long-term memory must first pass through the sensory register and short-term memory.
D)   The three components of memory are used to store different kinds of information: visual images are stored in the sensory register, most numerical information is stored in short-term memory, and verbal information is stored in long-term memory.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Learning theorists often emphasize the importance of attention in the learning process? From the perspective of the dual-store model of memory, why is attention so important?

Accepted Answer

A)   It gets information into the sensory register.
B)   It moves information from working memory into long-term memory.
C)   It moves information from the sensory register into long-term memory.
D)   It moves information from the sensory register into working memory.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Turning one's sensory receptors in the direction of desired information
B)   Making stronger responses to bright or loud stimuli
C)   Focusing one's cognitive processes on certain stimuli in the environment
D)   Filtering out unwanted information, in much the same way that an oil filter removes unwanted particlesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Accepted Answer

A)   explicit vs. implicit memory
B)   declarative vs. procedural knowledge
C)   things learned through deep vs. shallow processing
D)   things learned through the visuospatial sketchpad vs. through the phonological loopE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in the human memory system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adam absentmindedly cracks his knuckles every minute or two.
B)   Brigette works hard to keep her mind on her textbook as she reads.
C)   As she sits in a science lecture, Claudia's thoughts continually drift to other topics.
D)   David is frightened the first time he hears the loud noises at a fireworks display.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Accepted Answer

A)   Amelia is thinking about what to cook for dinner while she combs her hair.
B)   Brenda is watching the evening news on television while she studies for an exam.
C)   As Camille walks down the street, she calls a friend on her cell phone to express anger about his inconsiderate behavior earlier in the day.
D)   As she jogs around the track at the health club, Donna is trying to decide where to go on her vacation next month.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Which one of the following statements best characterizes the duration of the sensory register?

Accepted Answer

A)   Information can last indefinitely in the sensory register if the visual or auditory image is occasionally retrieved.
B)   Meaningless information fades quickly, but meaningful information may remain for hours.
C)   Most visual information lasts less than a second, with auditory information lasting slightly longer.
D)   Information remains for about ten seconds regardless of its nature.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Describe what psychologists mean when they say that attention and working memory have a limited capacity. Discuss at least two implications of this limited capacity for learning in the classroom.

Accepted Answer

When psychologists say that attention an...

Question 11

Look at this word: KITE
Without turning the page, try to imagine how the word would look if it were rotated 180º. To perform this task successfully, you would need to make considerable use of that part of your working memory known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)   visuospatial sketchpad
B)   reticular formation
C)   phonological loop
D)   sensory registerE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Which one of the following situations is the best example of the cocktail party phenomenon as psychologists use the term?

Accepted Answer

A)   When Ann walks into a room full of strangers, she immediately notices someone who looks familiar.
B)   Bernie has difficulty paying attention to anything when too many people talk to him at once.
C)   Carolyn's attention is captured immediately when someone calls her name.
D)   Darren can hear what his friend is telling him even though the television is on and two other people in the room are talking.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Which one of the following best describes the nature of working memory as many contemporary psychologists view it?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a highly centralized component of memory that appears to be located in the prefrontal cortex.
B)   It converts virtually all information it receives into a verbal, language-based form.
C)   It probably involves two or more different areas of the brain, which specialize in different modalities.
D)   It provides a good backup memory system for things that don't need to be stored for more than a few hours.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

In each of the three situations below, information enters a student's memory system. For each situation, use the dual-store model of memory to: (1) identify the last component of memory in which the event has been stored, and (2) explain how you arrived at your conclusion.
a. Thursday night, Jennifer studies for a test on Friday morning. She remembers the material quite accurately on Tuesday and gets an A on the test. When she takes a review test two months later, however, she can no longer remember that same material.
b. Justin is trying to learn information in his textbook. His eyes are focused on the words in front of him, but he is thinking about the fishing trip he has planned for the weekend.
c. After her French teacher says, "Merci beaucoup," Josephine repeats the phrase, then she immediately turns to talk to her friend.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In each of the three situations below,...

Question 15

Which one of the following is the best example of encoding in the process of learning state capitals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Abe learns Austin, Texas by making sure he is relaxed before he studies it.
B)   Bernice focuses her eyes on the page that says "St. Paul, Minnesota" and keeps them focused there for at least 10 seconds.
C)   Corey learns Atlanta, Georgia by thinking, "The Atlantic Ocean is gorgeous."
D)   Darcy learns Sacramento, California by having a tape recorder play "Sacramento, California" over and over while she sleeps.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:

Accepted Answer

A)   A distinction is made between working and long-term memory
B)   Functions rather than structures of memory are emphasized
C)   Information must be processed more than once before it will be stored
D)   A distinction is made between two different levels of processingE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Three of the following statements are accurate descriptions of long-term memory. Which one is not necessarily accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Information can last for a lengthy period of time, although not necessarily forever.
B)   Retrieval of information from long-term memory is sometimes difficult.
C)   Much of the information stored there is stored in terms of general meanings.
D)   The more information it contains, the less room it has for new material.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

A classroom of talkative students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, "Listen to me!" quite loudly. The students' sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus intensity
B)   personal relevance
C)   proximity
D)   working memoryE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Considering current views regarding the capacity of working memory, which one of the following sets of information could be held entirely in working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)   The names of 20 friends
B)   The visual images of 20 friends
C)   Two pages of narrative from a mystery novel
D)   A list of five miscellaneous household objectsE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Which one of the following best illustrates the word length effect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Linda finds that her attention is drawn more readily to long words (e.g., watermelon)  than to short ones (e.g., pear) .
B)   Macy has a difficult time remembering how to spell hippopotamus and armadillo, even though she can spell other animal names (e.g., dog, bear)  quite easily.
C)   When words are four or more syllables long, the tendency to mix up the order of consonants (e.g., mispronouncing interpretation as "interpetration")  increases considerably.
D)   Rick has trouble remembering his shopping list-detergent, antifreeze, cinnamon, watermelon, margarine-even though he could easily remember a 6-item list (nuts, milk, pears, salt, ham, stamps)  last week.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 8: Basic Components of Memory

Which one of the following situations is the best example of the cocktail party phenomenon as psychologists use the term?

Correct Answer
verified

A classroom of talkative students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, "Listen to me!" quite loudly. The students' sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the following statements are accurate descriptions of long-term memory. Which one is not necessarily accurate?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in the human memory system?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is the best example of encoding in the process of learning state capitals?

Correct Answer
verified

When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following best describes the nature of working memory as many contemporary psychologists view it?

Correct Answer
verified

Learning theorists often emphasize the importance of attention in the learning process? From the perspective of the dual-store model of memory, why is attention so important?

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Correct Answer
verified

Considering current views regarding the capacity of working memory, which one of the following sets of information could be held entirely in working memory?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following best illustrates the word length effect?

Correct Answer
verified

Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, "Hello, Jerry." A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan's memory system did Jerry's name get?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the dual-store model of memory?

Correct Answer
verified

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Correct Answer
verified

Look at this word: KITE Without turning the page, try to imagine how the word would look if it were rotated 180º. To perform this task successfully, you would need to make considerable use of that part of your working memory known as the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following statements best characterizes the duration of the sensory register?

Correct Answer
verified

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe what psychologists mean when they say that attention and working memory have a limited capacity. Discuss at least two implications of this limited capacity for learning in the classroom.

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
When psychologists say that attention an...
View Answer

Exam 8: Basic Components of Memory

Which one of the following situations is the best example of the cocktail party phenomenon as psychologists use the term?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A classroom of talkative students immediately quiets down and pays attention when the teacher yells, "Listen to me!" quite loudly. The students' sudden attentiveness to the teacher demonstrates the effect of _______ on attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the following statements are accurate descriptions of long-term memory. Which one is not necessarily accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the textbook's discussion, you might best think of attention as being a process of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following examples best illustrates involvement of a central executive in the human memory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is the best example of encoding in the process of learning state capitals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When psychologists refer to a dual-store model of memory, they are referring to a model in which:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following best describes the nature of working memory as many contemporary psychologists view it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning theorists often emphasize the importance of attention in the learning process? From the perspective of the dual-store model of memory, why is attention so important?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the women below is engaging in two activities simultaneously. Considering contemporary views of attention, identify the woman who should have the greatest difficulty doing both things at once.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering current views regarding the capacity of working memory, which one of the following sets of information could be held entirely in working memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following best illustrates the word length effect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Susan is introduced to Jerry. She immediately smiles and says, "Hello, Jerry." A minute later, she wants to introduce Jerry to her friend Mary, but she cannot remember his name. Based on this information, how far in Susan's memory system did Jerry's name get?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the dual-store model of memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Several sources of evidence have been used to address the question of whether working memory and long-term memory are separate entities. Which one of the following is not a source of evidence that has been used for this purpose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Look at this word: KITE Without turning the page, try to imagine how the word would look if it were rotated 180º. To perform this task successfully, you would need to make considerable use of that part of your working memory known as the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements best characterizes the duration of the sensory register?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You know what a computer is, and you also know how to send an email message using a computer. The difference between these two kinds of knowledge can best be characterized as a difference between:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what psychologists mean when they say that attention and working memory have a limited capacity. Discuss at least two implications of this limited capacity for learning in the classroom.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIWhen psychologists say that attention an...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
When psychologists say that attention an...
View Answer