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Name reliable sources of nutrition information.

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Dietitians,physicians,governme...

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A scientific study recorded the dietary intake of 60,000 mean and tracked the health of these men for 8 years.The study concluded that there is an inverse association between the consumption of green tea and the occurrence of prostate cancer.Which statement best describes the study and its conclusion?


A) This is an intervention trial which demonstrates that consuming green tea may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
B) This is an intervention trial which demonstrates that consuming green tea reduces the risk of prostate cancer.
C) This is an observational study that demonstrates that green tea causes a reduction in the risk of prostate cancer.
D) This is an observational study that demonstrates that green tea may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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What is epidemiology? Compare the type of information obtained from observational studies to that obtained from human intervention studies.

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Epidemiology observes the relationships ...

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In some experiments,why are biomarkers used instead of the presence or absence of disease (also known as disease outcomes) ?


A) Biomarkers more accurately reflect disease risk than actual disease outcomes.
B) Biomarkers respond to diet more slowly than actual disease outcomes.
C) Although biomarkers are not as conclusive as directly measuring disease outcomes,they respond to changes in diet more rapidly
D) Biomarkers are as conclusive as disease outcome and they are easier to measure

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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You are reviewing a website that describes a diet plan to improve the function of the immune system.Which characteristic of this website,described below,causes you to be concerned about the website's reliability?


A) The website claims that diet can influence immune function.
B) The website claims that a university study has proven the effectiveness of the diet plan,but the study has not been published.
C) The website was recently updated.
D) Detailed information about the foods that are part of the diet paln are provided free-of-charge.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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What is the short paragraph that summarizes a published experiment and its main findings?


A) an abstract
B) an introduction
C) a discussion
D) a database

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method?


A) Conduct an experiment,develop a hypothesis,form a theory,and make an observation.
B) Develop a hypothesis,conduct an experiment,make an observation,and form a theory.
C) Form a theory,conduct an experiment,develop a hypothesis,and make an observation.
D) Make an observation,develop a hypothesis,conduct an experiment,and form a theory.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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What are the chemical substances in foods that provide energy and structure and help regulate the body processes?


A) hormones.
B) nutrients.
C) enzymes.
D) phytochemicals.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which "paradox" from the Seven Countries study led to an interest in the traditional Mediterranean diet?


A) When comparing individuals with similar serum cholesterol levels,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans.
B) When comparing individuals with the same intake of dietary cholesterol,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans,
C) When comparing individuals with similar serum cholesterol levels,Mediterranean populations died from cardiovascular disease more frequently than Northern Europeans.
D) When comparing individuals with the same intake of olive oil,Mediterranean populations did not die from cardiovascular disease as frequently as Northern Europeans.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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How do you describe a clinical trial,in which subjects do not know which treatment they are receiving,but the researchers do?


A) anecdotal.
B) collaboration.
C) double-blind.
D) single-blind.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The energy,provided by carbohydrates,proteins,and lipids,is measured in what units?


A) kilojoules.
B) kilocalories.
C) thermal requirements.
D) Both a & b.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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According to the textbook "Convenience has its costs." What does this mean?


A) Fast foods are expensive and higher in kcalories than comparable foods prepared at home.
B) Fast foods are expensive,but are usually lower in kcalories than comparable foods prepared at home.
C) Fast foods should never be consumed as they are expensive and unhealthy.
D) Fast foods are typically high in fat and sugar but not in kcalories.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Amino acids supplements,vitamins and minerals supplements,and herbal remedies are examples of what type of product?


A) micronutrients
B) natural health products
C) processed foods
D) zoochemicals

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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On what does the acceptance of a scientific theory depend?


A) the ability of other scientists to duplicate the original research and results.
B) increased funding for the research.
C) the number of years since the development of the theory.
D) how the hypothesis was formed.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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"Diets that include the consumption of large amounts of red and processed meats may increase the risk of colon cancer." What is being described?


A) undernutrition
B) sodium toxicity
C) overnutrition
D) protein toxicity

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of anecdotal evidence?


A) double-blind studies
B) results from a minimum of three experiments
C) single-blind studies
D) individual testimonies

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT a component of a valid nutrition experiment?


A) opinions of the researchers
B) controls suitable to the experiment
C) appropriate type and number of subjects
D) careful interpretation of experimental results

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following conditions does NOT represent a form of malnutrition?


A) weight loss as a result of increasing physical activity
B) vitamin A toxicity as a result of excessive intake of vitamin supplements
C) osteoporosis as a result of inadequate intake of calcium and Vitamin D over an extended period of time
D) overweight as a result of regular overconsumption of large portions of meat,grains,and dairy foods

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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When determining the strength of experimental research,which is the LEAST important factor?


A) the design of the study
B) how many people conducted the study
C) how the study was funded
D) where the study was published

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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What is the most powerful tool(s) in promoting health and nutrition messages?


A) dietitians.
B) mass media.
C) physicians.
D) talk radio.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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